1. The student will analyze important consequences of American industrial growth.

2.  A. Describe Ellis Island, the change in immigrant’s origins to southern and eastern Europe and the impact of this change on urban America  B. Identify the American Federation of Labor and Samuel Gompers  C. Describe the growth of the western population and its impact on Native Americans with reference to Sitting Bull and Wounded Knee.  D. Describe the 1894 Pullman strike as an example of industrial unrest.

3.  Europeans Arrive fleeing religious persecution, looking for better life/ job Population growth results in lack of farmland, industrial jobs  Asians Arrive Attracted by Gold Rush work in railroads, farms, mines, domestic service, business

4.  ELLIS ISLAND U.S. immigration station, in New York Harbor  Millions come through here Given health checks, sick are not allowed in  ANGEL ISLAND immigrant processing station in San Francisco Bay

5. 1. Why did Europeans immigrate to the United States during this time period? 2. Why did Asian populations immigrate to the United States? 3. What were the two immigration centers in the United States? 4. How did the immigration centers ensure that only healthy people come into the U.S.?

6.  Why did Unions Form? Wanted to improve working conditions & pay The companies were consolidating, why not the workers?  Average life in a factory: 12+ hours a shift, 6 days a week No vacation, insurance Dangerous jobs, kids working…some quit school

8.  Early Labor Organizing Ironworkers (Nat. Labor Union) Knights of Labor  8 hour day, equal pay for men & women

9.  Samuel Gompers Combined skilled worker unions in 1886 to form the American Federation of Labor  Used strikes to get their way  Improved pay and conditions

10.  Did it work?....You be the judge: Between 1890 & 1915:  Wages went from $17.50/week to $24/week  Workweek fell from 54.5 hrs/week to 49 hrs/week

11.  Pullman Strike Built a factory for railroad cars & a town to house workers Provided all basic needs (doctors, shops, etc.) Town controlled by the company Refused to lower rents after cutting his employees pay  This leads to a strike in 1894

13.  “The strike is the weapon of the oppressed.” - Eugene V. Debs

14.  Eventually involved 250,000 workers in 27 states  Eugene V. Debs’ American Railway Union got involved During the course of the strike, 13 strikers were killed and 57 were wounded. An estimated 6,000 rail workers did $340,000 worth of property damage (about $8,818,000 in 2010 dollars).

15. 1. What were the purposes of Unions in the late 1800’s & early 1900’s? 2. Describe factory life during this time period. 3. How did Samuel Gompers get his way? 4. How did the Pullman Strike show that a united group of people can be powerful?

16.  Plains Indians Way of Life: Could not “own” land Spanish brought over horses  Made them more mobile  Made hunting buffalo possible Buffalo was the main source of food & clothing Believed in powerful spirits, medicine men Told stories and myths to teach kids culture

18.  Destruction of the Buffalo Read pg. 413 Tan: Original Range Light Brown: Range in 1870 Dark Brown: Range in 1897

19. Since consider land unsettled, migrants go west to claim it 1858 discovery of gold in Colorado draws tens of thousands 1834, government designates Great Plains as one huge reservation 1850s, treaties define specific boundaries for each tribe

20.  Death on the Bozeman Trail Trail crosses Sioux hunting grounds  Crazy Horse ambushes troops Treaty of Fort Laramie  U.S. closes trail; move Sioux to Reservations Sitting Bull  Leader of Sioux, does not sign treaty

22.  Custer’s Last Stand George Custer Reports gold in Black Hills, rush begins Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse crush Custer’s troops at “Custer’s Last Stand  Sioux are defeated By 1876, some move to Canada People starving, sitting Bull surrenders

23.  Map of Sioux Community

24.  Death of Sitting Bull Was going to be arrested for encouraging a “Ghost Dance” that would bring back their land  This caused his arrest Killed during the arrest

25.  Wounded Knee 7 th Calvary rounded up remaining Sioux at Wounded Knee Creek 300 Unarmed Sioux were killed This ended the Indian wars and the idea that they could get their land back.

26.  Wounded Knee: “I did not know then how much was ended. When I look back… I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch… And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud, and was buried in the blizzard. A people’s dream died there. It was a beautiful dream.” - Black Elk

27. 1. Why did the white population want to come to South Dakota? 2. What happened to show you that the Sioux did not appreciate the presence of outsiders? 3. How did you think Custer’s Last Stand Impacted the Army’s future decision making? 4. What happened at Wounded Knee?

28.  a. Explain Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle and federal oversight of the meatpacking industry.  b. Identify Jane Addams and Hull House and describe the role of women in reform movements.  c. Describe the rise of Jim Crow, Plessy v. Ferguson, and the emergence of the NAACP.  d. Explain Ida Tarbell’s role as a muckraker.  e. Describe the significance of progressive reforms such as the initiative, recall, and referendum; direct election of senators; reform of labor laws; and efforts to improve living conditions for the poor in cities. SSUSH13: The student will identify major efforts to reform American society and politics in the Progressive Era.