1. Haile Belai March 2008Haile Belai March 211008 AIR UNIVERSITY AFRICA COMMAND SYMPOSIUM Air Domain Safety and Security in Africa Montgomery, Alabama – 31 March – 2 April 2009 THE CHALLENGES OF AVIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN AFRICA Capt. Haile Belai, C/ACIP International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) hbelai@icao.int

2. Haile Belai March 2008Haile Belai March 222008 accident rate fatal accidents scheduled operation by region (accidents per million departures) North America Middle East Latin America Caribbean Europe Asia/ Pacific Africa World Average 024531 2003-2007 0.1 1.1 0.7 0.4 1.2 0.5 4.5 1998-2002 0.2 1.5 1.7 0.4 1.7 0.8 4.8 Change: World including Africa = 37.5% Europe = 0% Africa = 8% Asia Pacific = 59%

3. Haile Belai March 2008Haile Belai March 233008 AFI accident/serious incident reports (1 Jan. 1999 – 31 Dec. 2008) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Number of Reports Algeria Angola Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Rep Chad Comoros Congo Demo Rep of Congo Cote d'Ivoire Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Ghana Kenya Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Morocco Mozambique Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Tunisia Uganda United Rep Tanz... Zambia Zimbabwe States Serious incidents Accidents

4. Haile Belai March 2008Haile Belai March 244008 air transport activities – 2007 The level of aviation activity in many African States cannot support a sustainable safety oversight system. Region No. of States A’ptsPassengers% Freight (tones) %Movement% Africa39150137,507,0102.91,976,7432.22,523,8273.3 Asia Pacific311751,149,872,50724.029,762,85633.610,863,20414.2 Europe454511,472,339,62430.717,438,27119.720,832,86127.2 L. America Caribbean 27203328,166,4146.84,434,9815.06,403,6298.4 Middle East1157 161,202,1653.44,606,0855.21, 716,6732.2 North America21961,549,572,30332.330,432,53134.334,120,97244.6 World15512324,798,660,02310088,651,46710076,461,166100

5. Haile Belai March 2008Haile Belai March 255008 ICAO safety oversight audit results Lack of effective implementation of the critical elements is higher in the AFI Region than in any other part of the world: Global 123 Audited Africa 41 Audited Other States 82 Audited 40.7%56.9%32.7% Initial Audits Africa 48 States World 181 States 48.2%27.9%

6. Haile Belai March 2008Haile Belai March 266008 ICAO aviation security audit results 33% 30%49%21% North Africa (6 of 6 States) 46%32% Eastern and Southern Africa (21 of 23 States) 22% 48%37% Western and Central Africa (21 of 24 States) 15% 34%49%17% Global (181 of 190 States) 20%47%33% Africa (48 of 53 States) No recommendationMinor enhancements recommendedMajor improvements recommended

7. Haile Belai March 2008Haile Belai March 277008 ICAO aviation security audit results Western & Central Africa 33% National level 16%84% Oversight and enforcement capabilities (quality control) 14%86% Certification of screening personnel 45%55% Aviation security training 67%33% National civil aviation security programme 15%48%37% All Annex 17 Standards Airport level 13%47%40% Airport organization and administration 13%47%40% Airport operations subject modules No recommendationMinor enhancements recommendedMajor improvements recommended

8. Haile Belai March 2008Haile Belai March 288008 ICAO aviation security follow-up audit results 35%50%15% 58%35%7% 22%51%26% 50%17%33% Initial Follow-up Initial Follow-up Global (142 of 190 States) Africa (37 of 53 States)

9. Haile Belai March 2008Haile Belai March 299008 a safety implementation plan for Africa  To help African States meet the challenge:  ICAO developed the Comprehensive Regional Implementation Plan for Aviation Safety in Africa (AFI Implementation Plan);  The Plan was reviewed and approved by a high-level meeting (September 2007);  Endorsed by the 36 th ICAO General Assembly (September 2007)  Assembly Resolution A36/1 adopted by the 36 th Assembly giving prominence to the implementation of the Plan.

10. Haile Belai March 2008Haile Belai March 21010008 achieving the objectives of A36/1  States and Regional Organizations in the AFI Region must be actively engaged and committed;  Existing regional cooperation must be strengthened and evolve to empowered Regional Safety Oversight Organizations;  Industry and donors must commit to cooperate with ICAO and the African States in the implementation of priority projects;

11. Haile Belai March 2008Haile Belai March 21111008 achieving the objectives of A36/1  Contracting States, industry and donors must commit to undertake projects that address the priorities identified; and  ICAO must integrate the capabilities and resources available at HQ with that available at Regional Offices, Contracting States and Industry partners.

12. Haile Belai March 2008Haile Belai March 21212008  Established in January 2008 to give effect to the AFI Implementation Plan and main focus areas determined: Enabling States to establish and maintain a sustainable safety oversight system (infra- structure and capacity building); Assisting States to resolve identified deficiencies within a reasonable time; and Enhancing aviation safety culture of African aviation service providers. AFI Comprehensive Implementation Programme (ACIP)

13. Haile Belai March 2008Haile Belai March 21313008 ACIP programme of activities – 2009

14. Haile Belai March 2008Haile Belai March 21414008 in conclusion  Aviation activities in Africa are so low that they cannot generate sufficient funds to support safety and security oversight;  However, properly implemented, it can significantly contribute to the social and economic development of the continent;  Aviation is heavily subsidized taking away resources from other major challenges;

15. Haile Belai March 2008Haile Belai March 21515008  African States need to cooperate and organize under regional establishments to create the critical mass required to establish and maintain effective and sustainable safety oversight systems;  Other States, Industry and stakeholders should support African-related initiatives to achieve the goals of the AFI Plan;  Users of the African airspace should commit to support African States to enhance aviation safety and security in the continent. in conclusion

16. Haile Belai March 2008Haile Belai March 21616008 Thank you AFI Comprehensive Implementation Programme (ACIP) hbelai@icao.int