1. Publishing and Alternative Licensing Models South Africa

2. An Action Research Project Funded by I D R C International Development Research Center, Canada An Action Research Project Funded by I D R C International Development Research Center, Canada

3. PALM asks… Can flexible licensing increase access to learning materials in a sustainable manner? Find examples & support experimentation PALM wants to…

4. Engage with South African publishers willing to explore new modelsEngage with South African publishers willing to explore new models Provide a two day training opportunityProvide a two day training opportunity Develop pilot projectsDevelop pilot projects Provide technical support for projectsProvide technical support for projects Access to experts and the experiences of othersAccess to experts and the experiences of others Engage with South African publishers willing to explore new modelsEngage with South African publishers willing to explore new models Provide a two day training opportunityProvide a two day training opportunity Develop pilot projectsDevelop pilot projects Provide technical support for projectsProvide technical support for projects Access to experts and the experiences of othersAccess to experts and the experiences of others

5. Books are a wonderful thing But there’s one small problem…

6. Learning materials are not reaching enough people Learning materials are not reaching enough people

7. The Problem: Causes and Effects Learning materials not reaching majority of population Learning materials not reaching majority of population Unrealised economic potential Information deficit Central problem Low literacy levels Declining library budgets Declining library budgets Rising input costs Competin g basic needs Poverty Weak culture of reading Declining readershi p Declining readershi p Weak educational material provision Weak writing skills Market fragmented by language Rising cost of product Declining currency Declining currency Weak knowledge of flexible licensing Insufficient local & African language product Social marginalisation

8. Print and digital are not mutually exclusive

9. Digital Multi-Channel Publishing Book elements TextGraphics Metadata Author information Marketing information BooksReader devicesPrint on demandDownloadsChapters Terms of sale: Purchase, share, cite/quote, listen, rent, sample, watch, subsidize, bundle Web sitesRetailersDistributors Market/package Distribute Source: Eve Gray and Associates

10. Access to digital technology is improving Governments are investingGovernments are investing Bandwidth and technology prices fallingBandwidth and technology prices falling Mobile / handheld devices widespreadMobile / handheld devices widespread Young people embracing new technologies – developing new literaciesYoung people embracing new technologies – developing new literacies

11. New types of digital publishing emerging Newspapers onlineNewspapers online –The Times User- and network-generated contentUser- and network-generated content –personal & development websites / “wiki’s” –blogs, Facebook Digital educational productsDigital educational products –supplementary materials –issue-focused Publishing for handheld devicesPublishing for handheld devices

12. AuthorAuthor Publisher Reader Exclusive license Author to Reader Tomorrow Today Author Publisher Reader Non- exclusive license Exclusive license Non- exclusive license

13. Tomorrow... Author Publisher Reader Direct via web Non-exclusive license Non-exclusive license Value-Added Services Value-Added Services Funded by? Non-exclusive license

14. Existing model Charged for Premium Content Free Content

15. One New model Free Premium Content Charged for Content Charged for Services Charged for Activities

16. Free Content Free Premium Content Charged for Content Almost free Content Charged for Content Wiki Content Possible Future Community Sites Blogs etc

17. What do Flexible Licensing Models Offer? Permission in advance for content to be used more broadly than usually permitted under default copyright lawPermission in advance for content to be used more broadly than usually permitted under default copyright law Allows rights-holders to control copyrightAllows rights-holders to control copyright Enables the emergence of new business modelEnables the emergence of new business model Permission in advance for content to be used more broadly than usually permitted under default copyright lawPermission in advance for content to be used more broadly than usually permitted under default copyright law Allows rights-holders to control copyrightAllows rights-holders to control copyright Enables the emergence of new business modelEnables the emergence of new business model

18. New Marketing Opportunities Provide more exposure in hard-to-reach parts of the worldProvide more exposure in hard-to-reach parts of the world Provide additional revenue streams to publishers and authorsProvide additional revenue streams to publishers and authors Build relationships on which non-FL titles may be soldBuild relationships on which non-FL titles may be sold Provide a way of tracking usageProvide a way of tracking usage SearchableSearchable Can reduce transaction costs for translations and chunk salesCan reduce transaction costs for translations and chunk sales Extend the life of the backlist (the ‘long tail’)Extend the life of the backlist (the ‘long tail’) New business development opportunitiesNew business development opportunities Provide more exposure in hard-to-reach parts of the worldProvide more exposure in hard-to-reach parts of the world Provide additional revenue streams to publishers and authorsProvide additional revenue streams to publishers and authors Build relationships on which non-FL titles may be soldBuild relationships on which non-FL titles may be sold Provide a way of tracking usageProvide a way of tracking usage SearchableSearchable Can reduce transaction costs for translations and chunk salesCan reduce transaction costs for translations and chunk sales Extend the life of the backlist (the ‘long tail’)Extend the life of the backlist (the ‘long tail’) New business development opportunitiesNew business development opportunities

19. Benefits for Transitional / “Developing” / “Small” Countries Local materials can be showcased on the WebLocal materials can be showcased on the Web More materials available for non-commercial useMore materials available for non-commercial use New materials can be accessed and assessed for both commercial and non-commercial purposesNew materials can be accessed and assessed for both commercial and non-commercial purposes Local materials can be mixed and matched with other contentLocal materials can be mixed and matched with other content Can enhance global communicationCan enhance global communication Local materials can be showcased on the WebLocal materials can be showcased on the Web More materials available for non-commercial useMore materials available for non-commercial use New materials can be accessed and assessed for both commercial and non-commercial purposesNew materials can be accessed and assessed for both commercial and non-commercial purposes Local materials can be mixed and matched with other contentLocal materials can be mixed and matched with other content Can enhance global communicationCan enhance global communication

20. Analysis and Trends Adopted digital originationAdopted digital origination Largely delivering in printLargely delivering in print Limited by online accessLimited by online access Conventional licensingConventional licensing Limited exploration of new business modelsLimited exploration of new business models Most movement in scholarly and academicMost movement in scholarly and academic Coming under pressure from digital publishingComing under pressure from digital publishing Content largely donor-fundedContent largely donor-funded Not concerned to exploit intellectual property - haphazard licensing regimesNot concerned to exploit intellectual property - haphazard licensing regimes Less limited by conventional paradigms & practicesLess limited by conventional paradigms & practices Users participate in content creationUsers participate in content creation Conventional Book Publishing Industry Developmental and Cross-Media Publishers

21. A Few Exceptions & Examples Human Sciences Research Council: dual channel distribution (free ebooks)Human Sciences Research Council: dual channel distribution (free ebooks) Jive Media: science education comicsJive Media: science education comics Child HealthChild Health SAQA-NQF GatewaySAQA-NQF Gateway “Counter culture”“Counter culture” Conventional Book Publishing Industry Developmental and cross-media publishers

22. HSRC Press Dual Publishing Academic research material can be accessed both in print and onlineAcademic research material can be accessed both in print and online Printed copies of HSRC publications available in bookstores, libraries and via online bookshopsPrinted copies of HSRC publications available in bookstores, libraries and via online bookshops Online versions can be downloaded free via the HSRC Press websiteOnline versions can be downloaded free via the HSRC Press website www.hsrcpress.ac.za the first fully-functional Open Access publishing website in southern Africawww.hsrcpress.ac.za the first fully-functional Open Access publishing website in southern Africawww.hsrcpress.ac.za

23. HSRC Press Dual Publishing Policy

25. Palm Hypothesis and Goal Increased Access to Learning Materials Increased Access to Learning Materials Economic benefits Access to learning Primary goal Low literacy levels Library budgets go further Rising input costs Declining adspend Declining adspend Competing basic needs Poverty Diversified kinds of reading Increased readership Increased readership Educational material provision strengthene d Educational material provision strengthene d Weak writing skills Translation rights more accessible Reduced cost of product Declining rand Declining rand Increase knowledge & use of flexible licensing More local and African language product Social empowerment PALM approach

26. Next steps Further stakeholder consultationFurther stakeholder consultation Demonstration project selectionDemonstration project selection Publisher workshopPublisher workshop Publishing demonstration projectsPublishing demonstration projects Creation Publishing & Distribution Audience & Access Academic & Tertiary Development Counter-Culture