1. Current challenges and future prospects of health services and policy research: The Québec context Jean-Louis Denis, MRSC, FCAHS Professor, École nationale d’administration publique (ENAP), Montréal and Canada Research Chair in Governance and Transformation of Health Organizations and Systems (GETOSS) Director Centre de recherche de l’hôpital Charles Lemoyne (CR-HCLM), Université de Sherbrooke

2. The value of process and practice- based research for the transformation and improvement of healthcare systems

3. « …process studies address questions about how and why things emerge, develop, grow, or terminate over time, as distinct from variance questions dealing with covariation among dependent and independent variables » (Langley, Smallman, Tsoukas, & Van de Ven, 2013:1).

4. « …practice refers both to the situated doings of the individual human beings (micro) and to the different socially defined practices (macro) that the individuals are drawing upon in these doings”. (Jarzabkowski, P., J. Balogun & D. Seidl. 2007. ‘Strategizing: The challenges of a practice perspective’. Human Relations, 2007, 60.1: 5-27).

5. Example of a study on the implementation of healthcare reform (the previous one!!) in Quebec (CSSS)

6.  Push to the new Pull of the old  OPERATIONAL WORK RELATIONAL WORK Integrative Specialized Repetitive Detached CONCEPTUAL WORK Transactional Contentious Fragmented Constructing agency Precursive Recursive Disruptive STRUCTURAL WORK Figure 1: A Model of Forms of Institutional Work in the Enactment of Policy Reform (Cloutier, Denis, Langley, Lamothe, JPART, conditional acceptance)

7. « Our model provides a useful lens to explain how contradictions between novel policy proposals and pre-existing practices influence each form of work in distinctive ways, diluting its impact to different degrees while at the same time and paradoxically creating opportunities for its enactment. “ (Cloutier, Denis, Langley, Lamothe, JPART, conditional acceptance)

8. Prospects Full potential of process and practice-based research has not been sufficiently exploited. Some examples: – to characterize the resources (skills, competencies, …) needed by health actors to contribute effectively to policy making and their strategies to develop, sustain and deploy policy capacity; – realist evaluation of the introduction of financial incentives for organizations and providers (Greenhalgh & al., 2009) Combining process and outcomes research in a balanced way at the policy, organizational and clinical levels of health systems

9. Back to the Québec context Developping more effective model to incorporate research in the development of transformative and improvement capacities within policy, organizational and clinical settings Organizing knowledge production resources in hybrid networks that combine researchers and practitioners Developing a companion research agenda to current reforms in Quebec Working (more!) across institutional boundaries