1. From Confederation to Federal Union Chapter 5 SSUSH5 The student will explain specific events and key ideas that brought about the adoption and implementation of the United States Constitution. Section one Essential Question: What was the form of government after the revolution?

2. John Locke English philosopher who developed the theory of “natural rights” Believed that all people were born with the rights of life, liberty, and property.

3. Plan for Confederation The Articles of Confederation were adopted during the Revolutionary War (November 15, 1777) This form of government gave power to the individual states and little to the central government

4. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Act that established a system for governing the Northwest territory This act led to an eventual dividing of this area into states Such states are Illinois, Indian, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin.

5. Northwest Territory

6. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Changes to the Articles of Confederation took all 13 states consent The central government had no money to pay off war debts. States had their own taxes, but would not give any funding to the federal government. There was no ability to raise a federal army –Most states had their own militias Federal government printed money that was not backed by gold or silver which caused a depression

7. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Shay’s Rebellion- Massachusetts farmers could not pay the state tax on their property. Farmers were losing their property to auctions. Daniel Shay led many farmers to the federal arsenal in Massachusetts and were finally stopped short of the arsenal by the Massachusetts militia.

8. Shay’s Rebellion

9. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Shay’s Rebellion raised doubts about the central government's ability to deal with civil unrest The period from 1777 to 1787 (nine years) was known as the “Critical Period" because the United States was very vulnerable at this time.