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2. INTRODUCTION Communication is the process of passing information and ideas from one person to another. It is the exchange of written or verbal information. In fact, communication means to convey a message by one person to another so that another person may understand, follow and implement the messages. The process of communication has become very wide and very easy with the latest scientific development.

3. DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATION A few definitions by some of the prominent writers on the subject are given below: (1) “Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinion or emotions by two or more persons”. Newman, Summer (2) “Communication is the process of passing information and understanding from one person to another”. Theo Haimann NATURE OF COMMUNICATION The basic characteristics of communication are as follows: 1.Communication involves at least two persons. One who sends the message and the second who receives the message. 2.Communication is a two-way traffic. The process of communication is not completed until the message has been understood by the receiver. 3.The basic purpose of communication is to create an understanding in the minds of the receiver of information.

4. 4.Communication may take several forms e.g., order, instruction, report, suggestion, grievance, observation etc. The message may be conveyed through words spoken or written or gestures. IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION The role of communication is summarized in the following points: 1.Communication helps the management in making understand employees the objectives, plans, and policies of the enterprise. 2.Communication develops understanding between the superior and the subordinates. 3.Communication helps in controlling the performances of different individuals and departments of the enterprise. 4.Communication facilitates decision making by providing necessary information in time. 5.Communication provides unity of direction to various activities of the enterprise.

5. 6.Communication is an effective device for achieving participation by the workers. 7.Communication facilities change on the part of employees by modifying their behaviour. COMMUICATION PROCESS The Communication process has the following steps: 1.The sender formulates the message he wants to convey to others. 2.The sender will translate the message into words, symbols or any other form which he feels will make the receiver understand the message (This is known as encoding of message). 3.The encoded message is transmitted to the receiver with the help of certain method. The sender may use spoken words or written words for this purpose. 4.The message is received by the receiver. 5.The receiver of the message decodes the message and draws meaning from the message. 6.The receiver will take the necessary action and will send his response to the sender of the message. This is also known as feed back information.

6. ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION The process of communication consists of the following components: 1. Communicator The person who conveys the message is known as communicator or sender. Message It is the subject matter of any communication. It may involve any fact, opinion or information. 2. Communication Symbol The sender of information organizes his idea into a series of symbols (words, sign, etc.) which, he feels will communicate to the intended receiver or receivers. 3. Communication Channel Communication channel are the media through which the message passes. It may be either formal or informal. 4. Receiver The person who receives the message is called receiver

7. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION Communication may be classified on the following bases: 1. On the Basis of Organizational Relationship a)Formal Communication. b)Informal Communication. 2. On the Basis of Direction a)Downward Communication. b)Upward Communication. c)Horizontal Communication. 3. On the Basis of Channel or Method of Expression a)Oral Communication. b)Written Communication. c)Gestural communication.