1. transponder https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

2. Key (lock) - Transponder key 1 Transponder keys may also be called “chip keys”. Transponder keys are automotive ignition keys with signal-emitting circuits built inside. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

3. Key (lock) - Transponder key 1 When the key is turned in the ignition cylinder, the car's computer transmits a radio signal to the transponder circuit https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

4. Key (lock) - Transponder key 1 On the other hand, General Motors produced what are known as VATS keys (Vehicle Anti-Theft System) during the 1990s, which are often erroneously believed to be transponders but actually use a simple resistor, which is visible in the blade of the key https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

5. Transponder (aviation) 1 Aircraft have transponders to assist in identifying them on air traffic control radar; and Airborne Collision Avoidance System|collision avoidance systems have been developed to use transponder transmissions as a means of detecting aircraft at risk of colliding with each other.Peppler, I.L.: From The Ground Up, pages 238–239 https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

6. Transponder (aviation) 1 Air traffic control units use the term squawk when they are assigning an aircraft a transponder code, e.g., Squawk 7421. Squawk thus can be said to mean select transponder code or squawking to mean I have selected transponder code xxxx. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

7. Transponder (aviation) - History 1 The aviation transponder was originally developed during World War II by the British and American military as an Identification friend or foe (IFF) system to differentiate friendly from enemy aircraft on radar. The concept became a core of NORAD technology in the defence of North America during the Cold War. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

8. Transponder (aviation) - History 1 This concept was adapted in the 1950s by civil air traffic control using secondary surveillance radar (beacon radar) systems to provide traffic services for general aviation and commercial aviation. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

9. Transponder (aviation) - Secondary Surveillance Radar 1 SSR uses an active transponder (beacon) to transmit a response to an interrogation by a secondary radar https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

10. Transponder (aviation) - Operation 1 A pilot may be requested to squawk a given code by the air traffic controller via the radio, using a phrase such as Cessna 123AB, squawk 0363. The pilot then selects the 0363 code on their transponder and the track on the radar screen of the air traffic controller will become correctly associated with their identity. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

11. Transponder (aviation) - Operation 1 Similarly, the Traffic collision avoidance system|Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) installed on some aircraft needs the altitude information supplied by transponder signals. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

12. Transponder (aviation) - Ident 1 All mode A, C, and S transponders include an IDENT button, which activates a special thirteenth bit on the mode A reply known as IDENT, short for identify. When radar equipment receives the IDENT bit, it results in the aircraft's blip blossoming on the radar scope. This is often used by the controller to locate the aircraft amongst others by requesting the ident function from the pilot, e.g., Cessna 123AB, squawk 0363 and ident. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

13. Transponder (aviation) - Ident 1 Ident can also be used in case of a reported or suspected radio failure to determine if the failure is only one way and whether the pilot can still transmit or receive, but not both, e.g., Cessna 123AB, if you read, squawk ident. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

14. Transponder (aviation) - 1 Transponder codes are four digit numbers transmitted by the transponder in an aircraft in response to a secondary surveillance radar interrogation signal to assist air traffic controllers in traffic separation. A discrete transponder code (often called a squawk code) is assigned by air traffic controllers to uniquely identify an aircraft. This allows easy identification of aircraft on radar. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

15. Transponder (aviation) - 1 Additionally, modern digital transponders are operated by buttons to avoid this problem. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

16. Transponder (aviation) - 1 The use of the word squawk comes from the system's origin in the World War II Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) system, which was code-named Parrot. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

17. Transponder (aviation) - Codes assigned by ATC 1 Most codes above can be selected by aircraft if and when the situation requires or allows it, without permission from ATC. Other codes are generally assigned by ATC units. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

18. Transponder (aviation) - Codes assigned by ATC 1 For IFR flights, the squawk code is typically assigned as part of the departure clearance and stays the same throughout the flight. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

19. Transponder (aviation) - Codes assigned by ATC 1 VFR flights, when in uncontrolled airspace, will squawk VFR (or conspicuity code in the UK)[http://www.nats-uk.ead- it.com/aip/current/enr/EG_ENR_1_6_en.pdf ENR 1.6.2 — SSR Operating Procedures](1200 in the U.S., 7000 in Europe). Upon contact with an ATC unit, they will be told to squawk a certain unique code. When changing frequency, for instance because the VFR flight leaves controlled airspace or changes to another ATC unit, the VFR flight will be told to squawk VFR again. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

20. Transponder (aviation) - Codes assigned by ATC 1 In order to avoid confusion over assigned squawk codes, ATC units will typically be allocated blocks of squawk codes, not overlapping with the blocks of nearby ATC units, to assign at their discretion. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

21. Transponder (aviation) - Codes assigned by ATC 1 Not all ATC units will use radar to identify aircraft, but they assign squawk codes nevertheless. As an example, London Information— the Flight Information Service station that covers the lower half of the UK— does not have access to radar images, but does assign squawk code 1177 to all aircraft that receive a FIS from them. This tells other radar equipped ATC units that that specific aircraft is listening on the London Information radio frequency, in case they need to contact that aircraft. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

22. Sonar - Transponder 1 This is an active sonar device that receives a stimulus and immediately (or with a delay) retransmits the received signal or a predetermined one. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

23. Dense WDM - Wavelength converting transponders 1 At this stage, some details concerning Wavelength Converting Transponders should be discussed, as this will clarify the role played by current DWDM technology as an additional optical transport layer. It will also serve to outline the evolution of such systems over the last 10 or so years. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

24. Dense WDM - Wavelength converting transponders 1 As stated above, wavelength converting transponders served originally to translate the transmit wavelength of a client-layer signal into one of the DWDM system's internal wavelengths in the 1550nm band (note that even external wavelengths in the 1550nm will most likely need to be translated, as they will almost certainly not have the required frequency stability tolerances nor will it have the optical power necessary for the system's EDFA). https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

25. Dense WDM - Wavelength converting transponders 1 In the mid-1990s, however, wavelength converting transponders rapidly took on the additional function of signal regeneration. Signal regeneration in transponders quickly evolved through 1R to 2R to 3R and into overhead-monitoring multi-bitrate 3R regenerators. These differences are outlined below: https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

26. Dense WDM - Wavelength converting transponders 1 ; 1R: Retransmission. Basically, early transponders were garbage in garbage out in that their output was nearly an analogue 'copy' of the received optical signal, with little signal cleanup occurring. This limited the reach of early DWDM systems because the signal had to be handed off to a client-layer receiver (likely from a different vendor) before the signal deteriorated too far. Signal monitoring was basically confined to optical domain parameters such as received power. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

27. Dense WDM - Wavelength converting transponders 1 ; 2R: Re-time and re-transmit. Transponders of this type were not very common and utilized a quasi-digital Schmitt trigger|Schmitt-triggering method for signal clean-up. Some rudimentary signal quality monitoring was done by such transmitters that basically looked at analogue parameters. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

28. Dense WDM - Wavelength converting transponders 1 Some vendors offer 10 Gbit/s transponders, which will perform Section layer overhead monitoring to all rates up to and including OC-192. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

29. Dense WDM - Wavelength converting transponders 1 ; Muxponder: The muxponder (from multiplexed transponder) has different names depending on vendor https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

30. Dense WDM - Transceivers versus transponders 1 * Transceivers – Since communication over a single wavelength is one-way (simplex communication), and most practical communication systems require two-way (duplex communication) communication, two wavelengths will be required (which might or might not be on the same fiber, but typically they will be each on a separate fiber in a so-called fiber pair) https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

31. Dense WDM - Transceivers versus transponders 1 ** Dense WDM (DWDM) Transceivers:Channel 17 to Channel 61 according to ITU-T. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

32. Dense WDM - Transceivers versus transponders 1 Transponders that don't use an intermediate electrical signal (all-optical transponders) are in development. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

33. Dense WDM - Transceivers versus transponders 1 See also Transponders#Optical_communications|tr ansponders (optical communications) for different functional views on the meaning of optical transponders. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

34. Commercialization of space - Transponder leasing 1 Businesses that operate satellites often lease or sell access to their satellites to data relay and telecommunication firms. This service is often referred to as transponder leasing. Between 1996 and 2002, this industry experienced a 15 percent annual growth. The United States accounts for about 32 percent of the world’s transponder market. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

35. Transponder 1 In telecommunication, a 'transponder' is one of two types of devices. In air navigation or radio frequency identification, a transponder is a device that emits an identifying signal in response to an interrogating received signal. In a communications satellite, a transponder gathers signals over a range of uplink frequencies and re-transmits them on a different set of downlink frequencies to receivers on Earth, often without changing the content of the received signal or signals. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

36. Transponder 1 The term is a portmanteau for Transmitter- responder. It is variously abbreviated as XPDR, XPNDR, TPDR or TP[ http://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/TP TP]). https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

37. Transponder - Satellite/broadcast communications 1 This allows each station to transmit directly to the satellite, rather than paying for a whole transponder, or using landlines to send it to an Earth station (communications)|earth station for multiplexing with other stations. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

38. Transponder - Optical communications 1 In optical fiber communications, a transponder is the element that sends and receives the optical signal from a fiber. A transponder is typically characterized by its data rate and the maximum distance the signal can travel. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

39. Transponder - Optical communications 1 Different descriptions, with important functional differences, might be implicitly assumed across various academic and commercial literature: https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

40. Transponder - Optical communications 1 In this view, transponders provide easier to handle lower-rate parallel signals, but are bulkier and consume more power than transceivers. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

41. Transponder - Optical communications 1 As such, transponders can be considered as two transceivers placed back-to-back https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

42. Transponder - Optical communications 1 As a result, difference in transponder functionality also might influence the functional description of related optical modules like transceivers and muxponders. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

43. Transponder - Aviation 1 Secondary radar overcomes these limitations but it depends on a transponder in the aircraft to respond to interrogations from the ground station to make the plane more visible. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

44. Transponder - Aviation 1 Mode S transponders are 'backwards compatible' with Modes A C https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

45. Transponder - Marine 1 In addition, navigational aids often have transponders called Racon|RACON (radar beacons) designed to make them stand out on a ship's radar screen. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

46. Transponder - Automotive 1 Transponder keys have no battery; they are energized by the radio signal itself. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

47. Transponder - Road 1 Electronic toll collection systems such as E-ZPass in the eastern United States use RFID transponders to identify vehicles. The Ontario Highway 407|Highway 407 in Ontario is one of the world's first completely automated toll highways. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

48. Transponder - Motorsport 1 Transponders are used in motorsport for lap timing purposes. A cable loop is dug into the race circuit near to the start/finish line. Each car has an active transponder with a unique id code. When the racing car passes the start/finish line the lap time and the racing position is shown on the score board. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

49. Transponder - Motorsport 1 Passive and active RFID systems are used in off road events such as Enduro and Hare and Hound (Motorcycle Race)|Hare and Hounds racing, the riders have a transponder on their person, normally on their arm. When they complete a lap they swipe or touch the receiver which is connected to a computer and log their lap time. The Casimo Group Ltd make a system which does this. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

50. Transponder - Motorsport 1 NASCAR uses transponders and cable loops placed at numerous points around the track to determine the lineup during a caution period. This system replaced a dangerous Racing back to the caution|race back to the start-finish line. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

51. Transponder - Underwater 1 Sonar transponders operate under water and are used to measure distance and form the basis of underwater location marking, position tracking and navigation. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

52. Transponder - Gated communities 1 Transponders may also be used by residents to enter their gated community|gated communities. However, having more than one transponder causes problems. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

53. Transponder timing 1 'Transponder timing' (also called 'chip timing' or 'RFID timing') is a technique for measuring performance in sport events. A transponder working on a radio-frequency identification (RFID) basis is attached to the athlete and emits a unique code that is detected by radio receivers located at the strategic points in an event. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

54. Transponder timing 1 Prior to the use of this technology, races were either timed by hand (with operators pressing a stopwatch) or using video camera systems. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

55. Transponder timing - Transponder systems 1 Generically, there are two types of transponder timing systems; active and passive. An active transponder consists of a Battery (electricity)|battery-powered transceiver, connected to the athlete, that emits its unique code when it is interrogated. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

56. Transponder timing - Transponder systems 1 A passive transponder does not contain a power source inside the transponder. Instead, the transponder captures electromagnetic energy produced by a near-by transmitter|exciter and utilizes that energy to emit a unique code. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

57. Transponder timing - Transponder systems 1 In both systems, an antenna is placed at the start, finish, and in some cases, intermediate time points and is connected to a decoder. This decoder identifies the unique transponder code and calculates the exact time when the transponder passes a timing point. Some implementations of timing systems require the use of a mat on the ground at the timing points while other systems implement the timing points with vertically oriented portals. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

58. Transponder timing - History 1 Active transponder systems continued to mature and despite their much higher cost they retained market share in the high speed sports like motor racing, cycling and ice skating https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

59. Transponder timing - History 1 The low cost meant that transponders were now fully disposable and did not need to be returned to the organizers after the event. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

60. Transponder timing - Usage 1 Very large running events (more than 10,000) and triathlons were the first events to be transponder (or chip) timed because it is near impossible to manually time them https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

61. Transponder timing - Usage 1 Because these UHF tags are made in huge volumes for industrial applications, their price is much lower than that of conventional re-usable transponders and the race does not bother to collect them afterwards. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

62. Transponder timing - Usage 1 For active systems a simple wire loop is all that is needed since the transponder has its own power source and the loop serves as a trigger to turn on the transponder, then receive the relatively strong signal from the transponder https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

63. Transponder timing - Usage 1 The software relates the raw transponder code and timestamp data to each entrant in a database and calculates gun and net times of runners, or the splits of a triathlete https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

64. Radio navigation - Transponder systems 1 Positions can be determined with any two measures of angle or distance. The introduction of radar in the 1930s provided a way to directly determine the distance to an object even at long distances. Navigation systems based on these concepts soon appeared, and remained in widespread use until recently. Today they are used primarily for aviation, although GPS has largely supplanted this role. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

65. Radio navigation - Radar and transponders 1 Understanding transponder systems is simple when one considers the operation of conventional radar. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

66. Radio navigation - Radar and transponders 1 Early systems, like the UK's Chain Home, consisted of large transmitters and separate receivers. The transmitter periodically sends out a short pulse of a powerful radio signal, which is sent into space through broadcast antennas. When the signal reflects off a target, some of that signal is reflected back in the direction of the station, where it is received. The received signal is a tiny fraction of the broadcast power, and has to be powerfully amplified in order to be used. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

67. Radio navigation - Radar and transponders 1 The same signals are also sent over local electrical wiring to the operator's station, which is equipped with an oscilloscope https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

68. Radio navigation - Radar and transponders 1 Transponders were initially used as the basis for early Identification friend or foe|IFF systems; aircraft with the proper transponder would appear on the display as part of the normal radar operation, but then the signal from the transponder would cause a second blip to appear a short time later https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

69. Radio navigation - Radar and transponders 1 In comparison, transponder-based systems measure the timing between two signals, and the accuracy of that measure is largely a function of the equipment and nothing else https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

70. Amateur radio repeater - Linear transponders 1 An example of an inverting transponder would be a 70 centimeters|70cm to 2 meters|2m transponder which receives on the 432.000MHz to 432.100MHz frequencies and transmits on the 146.000MHz to 146.100MHz frequencies by inverting the frequency range within the band https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

71. Open-road tolling - Transponders 1 Most current AVI systems rely on radio- frequency identification, where an antenna at the toll gate communicates with a transponder on the vehicle via dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

72. CWDM - Wavelength-converting transponders 1 At this stage, some details concerning wavelength-converting transponders should be discussed, as this will clarify the role played by current DWDM technology as an additional optical transport layer. It will also serve to outline the evolution of such systems over the last 10 or so years. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

73. CWDM - Wavelength-converting transponders 1 As stated above, wavelength-converting transponders served originally to translate the transmit wavelength of a client-layer signal into one of the DWDM system's internal wavelengths in the 1,550nm band (note that even external wavelengths in the 1,550nm will most likely need to be translated, as they will almost certainly not have the required frequency stability tolerances nor will it have the optical power necessary for the system's EDFA). https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

74. CWDM - Wavelength-converting transponders 1 ; 1R: Retransmission. Basically, early transponders were garbage in garbage out in that their output was nearly an analogue copy of the received optical signal, with little signal cleanup occurring. This limited the reach of early DWDM systems because the signal had to be handed off to a client-layer receiver (likely from a different vendor) before the signal deteriorated too far. Signal monitoring was basically confined to optical domain parameters such as received power. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

75. CWDM - Wavelength-converting transponders 1 ; Muxponder: The muxponder (from multiplexed transponder) has different names depending on vendor https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

76. CWDM - Transceivers versus transponders 1 ** Dense WDM (DWDM) Transceivers: Channel 17 to Channel 61 according to ITU-T. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

77. Automatic Identification System - Vessel-based AIS transponders 1 The 2002 IMO SOLAS Agreement included a mandate that required most vessels over 300GT on international voyages to fit a Class A type AIS transceiver. This was the first mandate for the use of AIS equipment and affected approximately 100,000 vessels. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

78. Automatic Identification System - Vessel-based AIS transponders 1 In 2006, the AIS standards committee published the Class B type AIS transceiver specification, designed to enable a simpler and lower cost AIS device. In 2006, SRT Marine Technology of the UK developed and released the world's first Class B transceiver. The introduction of low cost Class B transceivers has triggered multiple additional national mandates from Singapore, China and Turkey by making large scale rollout of AIS devices onto vessels of all sizes commercially viable. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

79. Automatic Identification System - Vessel-based AIS transponders 1 Since 2006, the AIS technical standard committees have continued to evolve the AIS standard and product types to cover a wide range of applications from the largest vessel to small fishing vessels and life boats https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

80. Transponder (aeronautics) - History 1 The aviation transponder was originally developed during World War II by the British and American military as an identification, friend or foe (IFF) system to differentiate friendly from enemy aircraft on radar. The concept became a core of NORAD technology in the defence of North America during the Cold War. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

81. Transponder (aeronautics) - Secondary surveillance radar 1 SSR uses an active transponder (beacon) to transmit a response to an interrogation by a secondary radar https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

82. Transponder (aeronautics) - Ident 1 All mode A, C, and S transponders include an IDENT button, which activates a special thirteenth bit on the mode A reply known as IDENT, short for identify. When ground-based radar equipment receives the IDENT bit, it results in the aircraft's blip blossoming on the radar scope. This is often used by the controller to locate the aircraft amongst others by requesting the ident function from the pilot, e.g., Cessna 123AB, squawk 0363 and ident. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

83. Transponder (aeronautics) - 1 Additionally, modern digital transponders are operated by buttons to avoid this problem. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

84. Transponder (aeronautics) - Codes assigned by air traffic control 1 Most codes in the following table can be selected by aircraft if and when the situation requires or allows it, without permission from ATC. Other codes are generally assigned by ATC units. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

85. Transponder (aeronautics) - Codes assigned by air traffic control 1 VFR flights, when in uncontrolled airspace, will squawk VFR (or conspicuity code in the UK,[http://www.nats-uk.ead- it.com/aip/current/enr/EG_ENR_1_6_en.p df ENR 1.6.2 — SSR Operating Procedures] 1200 in the U.S., 7000 in Europe). Upon contact with an ATC unit, they will be told to squawk a certain unique code. When changing frequency, for instance because the VFR flight leaves controlled airspace or changes to another ATC unit, the VFR flight will be told to squawk VFR again. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

86. Transponder (aeronautics) - Codes assigned by air traffic control 1 Not all ATC units will use radar to identify aircraft, but they assign squawk codes nevertheless. As an example, London Information– the flight information service station that covers the lower half of the UK– does not have access to radar images, but does assign squawk code 1177 to all aircraft that receive a FIS from them. This tells other radar equipped ATC units that that specific aircraft is listening on the London Information radio frequency, in case they need to contact that aircraft. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

87. Transponder car key 1 A transponder chip disarms a vehicle immobiliser when the car key is used to start the engine. The majority of keys to cars built after 1995 contain transponder Integrated circuit|chips. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

88. Transponder car key - Function 1 When the car key is turned in the ignition, the engine control unit (ECU) on the car sends an electronic message to the key, and it will allow the car to start only provided it receives the correct message back. So, even for a simple car key without any buttons, the key must be cut correctly to turn the locks, and also programmed correctly to disarm the immobiliser. Car keys with chips can be programmed using special equipment. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

89. Transponder car key - Transponder 1 The word came into use around 1944. In basic terms a transponder is a miniaturized electronic chip that has what is called non-volatile memory. Non-volatile memory is the type of memory that does not need constant energy for retention. Along with that electronic chip is a set of windings; very fine wire coiled around a tube. These windings look similar to the windings you would find in an electric motor. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

90. Transponder car key - Transponder 1 There are two basic types of transponders. The first are the electric coupled transponder systems. Electric coupled transponder systems are not limited to small areas for transmission but can transmit messages or signals for different ranges of distance including several inches to miles, as used in satellites and airplanes. These systems require large amounts of constant electricity to operate. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

91. Transponder car key - Transponder 1 Since this is a radio frequency it can penetrate materials that would make the transponder not directly visible, such as the plastic or rubber in the bow of a key. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

92. Transponder car key - Transponder 1 The windings in the transponder chip absorb that energy and power the electronic chip to emit a signal https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

93. Transponder car key - Transponder 1 Immobiliser systems based on Transponders may not be as safe as they are considered to be. Some immobiliser systems tend to remember last key code for so long that they may even accept a non-transponder key even after a few minutes of taking out the original key from ignition.[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= q4fYDbQD8Q0 Volkswagen Immobiliser Failure] https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

94. Transponder car key - Programming 1 Remote keyless entry Security token|fobs emit a radio frequency with a designated, distinct digital identity code https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

95. Transponder car key - Programming 1 As remote keyless system fobs have become more prevalent in the automobile industry a secondary market of unprogrammed devices have sprung up. Some web sites sell steps to program fobs for individual models of cars as well as accessory kits to remotely activate other car devices. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

96. Transponder (satellite communications) 1 A communications satellite's 'transponder' is the series of interconnected units that form a communications channel between the receiving and the transmitting antennas. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

97. Transponder (satellite communications) 1 It is mainly used in satellite communication to transfer the received signals. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

98. Transponder (satellite communications) 1 * An input low-noise amplifier (LNA), designed to amplify the (normally very weak, because of the large distances involved) signals received from the earth station https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

99. Transponder (satellite communications) 1 * A frequency translator (normally composed of an oscillator and a frequency mixer) used to convert the frequency of the received signal to the frequency required for the transmitted signal https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

100. Transponder (satellite communications) 1 * An output band pass filter https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

101. Transponder (satellite communications) 1 * A power amplifier (this can be a traveling-wave tube or a solid state amplifier) https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

102. Transponder (satellite communications) 1 This type, called a regenerative transponder, has many advantages, but is much more complex. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

103. Transponder (satellite communications) 1 With data compression and multiplexing, several video (including digital video) and sound reproduction|audio channels may travel through a single transponder on a single wideband carrier wave|carrier. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

104. Transponder (satellite communications) 1 This allows each station to transmit directly to the satellite, rather than paying for a whole transponder, or using landlines to send it to an Earth station (communications)|earth station for multiplexing with other stations https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

105. Transponder (satellite communications) 1 NASA distinguishes between a transponder and a transceiver, where the latter is simply an independent transmitter and receiver packaged in the same unit, and the former derives the transmit carrier frequency from the received signal https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

106. Unified S-band - Coherent transponders and Doppler tracking 1 Allocating uplink/downlink frequency pairs in a fixed ratio of 221/240 permitted the use of coherent transponders on the spacecraft. The spacecraft tracked the uplink carrier with a phase locked loop and, with a series of frequency dividers and frequency multiplier|multipliers, multiplied the uplink carrier frequency by the ratio 240/221 to produce its own downlink carrier signal. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

107. Unified S-band - Coherent transponders and Doppler tracking 1 When no uplink was detected, the transponder downlink carrier was generated from a local oscillator at the nominal frequency. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

108. Unified S-band - Coherent transponders and Doppler tracking 1 This two-way technique allowed extremely precise relative velocity measurements (in centimeters/sec) by observing the Doppler shift of the downlink carrier without a high accuracy oscillator on the spacecraft, although one was still needed on the ground. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

109. Valet key - Transponder key 1 On the other hand, General Motors produced what are known as VATS keys (Vehicle Anti-Theft System) during the 1990s, which are often erroneously believed to be transponders but actually use a simple resistor, which is visible in the blade of the key https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

110. Astra 2F - Active Transponders 1 In the list, channels broadcast with a one- hour delay are shown Channel +1hr. Where both the original and the delayed channel are broadcast from the same transponder, this is shown in one entry as Channel [also +1hr]. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

111. Cab signalling - Transponder 1 While similar to intermittent inductive systems, transponder based cab signalling transmit more information and can also receive information from the train to aid traffic management https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

112. MISTRAM - MISTRAM Transponder 1 The Transponder receives the two phase- coherent X-band cw signals transmitted from the ground equipment. A klystron with a 68MHz coherent frequency offset is phase locked to each of the received signals. These klystrons provide the phase coherent return transmission. There are two separate phase locked loops, continuous and calibrate. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

113. MISTRAM - MISTRAM Transponder 1 :;Operating Frequencies (Nominal) https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

114. MISTRAM - MISTRAM Transponder 1 :Input power - 5.25 amps maximum from 25.2 to 32.2 V DC https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

115. MISTRAM - MISTRAM Transponder 1 :Output power - 500 mW min/channel https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

116. MISTRAM - MISTRAM Transponder 1 :Warmup time - 1 minute maximum at 0 degrees Celsius or above https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

117. MISTRAM - MISTRAM Transponder 1 :Acquisition Time - 0.1 second maximum https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

118. MISTRAM - MISTRAM Transponder 1 ::Waveguide ports: Two reduced height X-band (1 Xmit; 1 Rcv) https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

119. MISTRAM - MISTRAM Transponder 1 ::Life: 3 years. Operating 500 hours. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

120. Radio-navigation - Radar and transponders 1 Transponders were initially used as the basis for early Identification friend or foe|IFF systems; aircraft with the proper transponder would appear on the display as part of the normal radar operation, but then the signal from the transponder would cause a second blip to appear a short time later https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

121. Precision approach radar - Non-traditional PAR using SSR transponder reply 1 There are systems that provide PAR functionality without using primary radar. These non-traditional PAR systems use transponder multilateration, triangulation and/or trilateration. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

122. Precision approach radar - Non-traditional PAR using SSR transponder reply 1 One such system, Transponder Landing System (TLS) precisely tracks aircraft using the mode 3/A transponder response received by antenna arrays located near the runway https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

123. Precision approach radar - Non-traditional PAR using SSR transponder reply 1 The signal strength for the secondary surveillance radar subsystem of a non- traditional PAR is not attenuated by rain since the frequency is within the long range band, L-band. Therefore a non- traditional PAR does not experience noticeable rain fade and in the case of the TLS has an operational range of 60nm. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

124. SARAL - Solid State C-band Transponder (SCBT) 1 Is from ISRO and intended for ground RADAR calibration. It is a continuation of such support provided by C-Band Transponders flown in the earlier IRS-P3 and IRS-P5 missions. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

125. SARAL - Solid State C-band Transponder (SCBT) 1 The payloads of SARAL are accommodated in the Indian Mini Satellite bus|Indian Mini Satellite-2 bus, which is built by ISRO. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-transponder-toolkit.html

126. For More Information, Visit: https://store.theartofservice.co m/the-transponder- toolkit.html https://store.theartofservice.co m/the-transponder- toolkit.html The Art of Service https://store.theartofservice.com