1. Research and Education Networking in the United States: Looking Back and Visioning the Future Douglas E. Van Houweling President & CEO Internet2 APAN 24 th Meeting Xian, China August 31, 2007

2. Overview Where we have been, and why Where we are today Organization Technology The future NREN for the USA

3. APAN and Internet2 APAN and Internet2 partnership since June 1999 Joined meetings in 2001, 2004, 2008 Extensive APAN participation in Internet2 Member Meetings Connectivity between Internet2 network infrastructure and APAN TransPAC2 project and APAN member country networks TransPAC/Indiana University and US Pacific Consortium as Associate Members

4. 5/5/98 History & Background ARPANet 1987– NSFNet 1990 -- Advanced Network and Services (ANS) 1994 -- WWW 1994 -- Commercialization 1997 -- Next Generation Internet Initiative & Internet2 ARPANet 1987– NSFNet 1990 -- Advanced Network and Services (ANS) 1994 -- WWW 1994 -- Commercialization 1997 -- Next Generation Internet Initiative & Internet2

5. NSFNET 1986 56 kb connections for supercomputing centers 1987 NSF Cooperative Agreement Merit, IBM, MCI, Michigan partnership 1988 T1 in production 15% monthly growth 1990 T1 link to Europe 1990 ANS T3 in production 1995 Commercialization 5/5/98

6. Todays Internet Growing at 10 - 15% per month Capacity lags applications The world wide wait Human interaction awkward Internet telephony Video conferencing Shared authoring Distributed large scale computing and data base efforts impossible Growing at 10 - 15% per month Capacity lags applications The world wide wait Human interaction awkward Internet telephony Video conferencing Shared authoring Distributed large scale computing and data base efforts impossible

7. 5/5/98 Todays Internet Mission-critical applications seldom pursued on the public Internet Authentication Best efforts not good enough Intranets and Extranets instead Match capacity and demand Provide a more secure environment Dont reach the public at large, though! Mission-critical applications seldom pursued on the public Internet Authentication Best efforts not good enough Intranets and Extranets instead Match capacity and demand Provide a more secure environment Dont reach the public at large, though!

8. 5/5/98 Barriers to Progress Providers swamped attempting to match capacity to demand No large scale development environment available Negative-sum competitive environment inhibits investment Advanced applications cant be deployed Providers swamped attempting to match capacity to demand No large scale development environment available Negative-sum competitive environment inhibits investment Advanced applications cant be deployed

9. 5/5/98 Advanced Internet Projects Next Generation Internet (NGI) Focused on: Federal mission agency needs Maintaining US Internet leadership Internet2 Focused on: Higher education needs Moving the public Internet to the next level Next Generation Internet (NGI) Focused on: Federal mission agency needs Maintaining US Internet leadership Internet2 Focused on: Higher education needs Moving the public Internet to the next level

10. DEVH AAU 10/21/96 -10- Internet II -- Objectives Response to Research & Education Needs Applications Innovation & Demonstration Reliable, Broadband Desktop to Desktop Connectivity Intercampus Intracampus Higher Education Control Transparent Interface to the Commodity Internet Rapid Transfer to Commercial Sector

11. Internet2 Universities 209 University Members as of August 2007

12. Internet2 Affiliate Members ACUTA Altarum American Distance Education Consortium Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) CERN Charles R. Drew University Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia Cleveland Institute of Music Cleveland Museum of Art Coalition for Networked Information Desert Research Institute EDUCAUSE ESnet Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) Howard Hughes Medical Institute Indiana Higher Education Telecommunications System (IHETS) Inter-American Development Bank Internet Educational Equal Access Foundation Jet Propulsion Laboratory Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory The Library of Congress Los Alamos National Laboratory Manhattan School of Music NASA Goddard Space Flight Center NASA Marshall Space Flight Center National Archives and Records Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Geographic National Institutes of Health NOAA – Washington, D.C. National Science Foundation New World Symphony NIST Oak Ridge National Laboratory OSTN (Open Student Television Network) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Ruth Lily Health Education Center SURA TOPIX U.S. Census Bureau United Nations System of Organizations United States Antarctic Program United States Dept. of Commerce Boulder Labs United States Holocaust Memorial Museum University Corporation for Atmospheric Research University of North Carolina General Administration The World Bank

13. Strengthening Community: Reviewing Internet2 Governance Governance and Nominations Committee was charged by Internet2 Board of Trustees Key areas of focus: New Research & Education Network Membership Category Board composition: CIOs, researchers, and state/regional networking organizations Advisory Council-Board interactions and priority setting Transparency of decision-making Recommendations adopted by the Board Nominations and elections complete 60 individuals from US will begin service in October

14. The Crucial Role of the RONs

15. Internet2 R&E Network Members 3ROX CEN CENIC CIC OmniPoP CPE FLR GPN Indiana GigaPoP KanREN LEARN LONI MAGPI MAX MCNC Merit Network MOREnet MREN NJEDge.Net Northern Lights GigaPoP NOX NYSERNet OARnet OneNet OSCnet OSHEAN Pacific Northwest GigaPoP PeachNet SOX UEN WiscNet

16. State Education Networks Connected to Internet2

17. Internet2 Corporate Partners

18. Internet2 Corporate Sponsors Arbor Networks Campus Televideo Codian, Inc. Foundry Networks inSORS Integrated Communications Polycom Worldwide RADVISION TANDBERG VBrick Systems

19. Internet2 Corporate Members ADVA Optical Networking Apparent Networks Arbinet-thexchange, Inc. C-SPAN Caterpillar, Inc. Cdigix Cedar Point Communications Comcast Cable Communications CommuniGate Systems EBSCO Information Services Education Networks of America, Inc. Fujitsu Laboratories of America Global Crossing Google HaiVision Systems, Inc. Johnson & Johnson KDDI Corporation LifeSize Communications Lucent Technologies Media Links, Inc. Napster, LLC Nippon Telephone and Telegraph (NTT) Northrop Grumman Information Technology OCLC Online Computer Library Center OpVista, Inc. RIAA Red Hat, Inc. Ruckus Network, Inc. Schlumberger Steelcase, Inc. The Thomson Corporation Verizon Business Video Furnace, Inc. VoEx, Inc Warner Bros.

20. Internet2 International Partners Asia-Pacific AAIREP (Australia) APAN (Asia-Pacific) ANF (Korea) CERNET/CSTNET/ NSFCNET (China) JAIRC (Japan) JUCC (Hong Kong) MYREN/MDeC (Malaysia) NECTEC/UNINET (Thailand) PERN (Pakistan) REANNZ (New Zealand) SingAREN (Singapore) NCHC/TANet (Taiwan) Americas CANARIE (Canada) CEDIA (Ecuador) CLARA (Latin America & Caribbean) CNTI (Venezuela) CR2NET (Costa Rica) CUDI (Mexico) REUNA (Chile) RETINA (Argentina) RNP [FAPESP] (Brazil) SENACYT (Panama) Europe ARNES (Slovenia) BELNET (Belgium) CARNET (Croatia) CESnet (Czech Republic) DANTE (Europe) DFN-Verein (Germany) FCCN (Portugal) GARR (Italy) GIP- RENATER (France) GRNET (Greece) HEAnet (Ireland) HUNGARNET (Hungary) NORDUnet (Nordic Countries) PSNC/PIONER (Poland) RedIRIS (Spain) RESTENA (Luxembourg) RIPN (Russia) SANET (Slovakia) Stichting SURF (Netherlands) SWITCH (Switzerland) TERENA (Europe) JISC, UKERNA (United Kingdom) Africa MCIT [EUN/ENSTINET] (Egypt) TENET (South Africa) Middle East Etisalat University College (UAE) Israel-IUCC (Israel) Qatar Foundation (Qatar) South Asia ERNET/CDAC (India)

21. Internet2 International Partners

22. Summary Internet2 started October 1996 From 34 to over 200 universities today 50+ other research and non-profit institutions From United Nations to Lawrence Berkeley Labs to the New World Symphony 50+ for profit companies 30 state and regional R&E networks Primary, secondary schools, museums, libraries, healthcare institutions through Sponsored Educational Group Participants (SEGP) More than 50 international partners

23. Summary Internet2 Provides a high-performance network environment for the US research and education community optimized to meet the needs of research, teaching, learning, clinical and outreach missions of that community Enables the development and deployment of new network, middleware and applications technologies, services and protocols Draws the community together to support these efforts

24. Strengthening Community: Supporting member engagement Middleware Architecture Committee for Education (MACE) Salsa: Security Advisory Group K20 Initiative Advisory Committee Health Sciences Advisory Group Arts & Humanities Advisory Groups Working Groups Special Interest Groups

25. Internet2 – National LambdaRail Planned merger 3/9/2007 Memorandum of Agreement 4/23/2007 Merger Planning Team (MPT) appointed 5/10/2007 Network Planning Team report 8/23/07 MPT Definitive Agreement Proposal 8/28/07 Internet2 Board approval 8/30/07 NLR Board discussion Scope of the combined organizations Consolidated network infrastructure Brings regional and national organizations together

26. Technology Network Middleware Applications Community Collaboratively enabling US cyberinfrastructure

27. Developing the new Internet2 Network The design and development of the new Internet2 Network was driven by community input. Group A Report Internet2 Community Design Workshop Network Advisory Group Network Technical Advisory Council One-on-one outreach to regional networking organizations Intensified discipline-specific support

28. A New Networking Model

31. New Internet2 Network Objectives Ensure community control of underlying network infrastructure Leverage capabilities of a global telecommunications leader Carrier class reliability and expanded breadth of services Capitalize on latest technology in networking Create an asset that benefits entire community Researchers, universities, regional optical networks, industry, government, K-12, and the international community

32. Internet2 Network Characteristics Hybrid optical and IP network Dynamic and static wavelength services Fiber, equipment dedicated to Internet2; Level 3 Communications maintains network and service level Simultaneous support of diverse requirements experimental projects production services

33. New Internet2 Network Capacities Initial capacity 10 x previous network 10 wavelengths at 10 Gbps each Future capacity nearly unlimited 40 Gbps and 100 Gbps wavelength capabilities Unlimited additional wavelengths available Rapid provisioning of dedicated circuits Flexibly-sized circuit capacity

34. Internet2 Network Optical Switching Node Level3 Regen Site Internet2 Redundant Drop/Add Site ESnet Drop/Add Site Internet2 Network

43. Coordinating Across Geographic Scales

44. Advanced R&E Networking: Networking Capabilities TODAY Megabit-per-second bandwidth IP-based services Campus-focused middleware Loose coordination across networks TOMORROW Gigabit-per-second bandwidth IP-based and Dynamic Circuit (DC) services Inter-domain middleware High coordination across networks

45. Integrated Systems Model

46. Middleware Infrastructure Focus: Inter-institutional collaboration Scalable authenticated/authorized access to remote resources Internet2 role: Defining/creating architecture: Shibboleth Tools to implement: Shibboleth, Grouper, Signet Infrastructure/Services to scale: InCommon, USHER

48. Advanced R&E Networking: Applications TODAY TV-Quality Videoconferencing Gigabyte-class data sets among small research groups Limited access to remote scientific instruments TOMORROW Uncompressed HDTV and gigapixel displays Terabyte-class data sets among global research groups Routine, reliable, and discipline wide access to remote scientific instruments

49. Supporting Large-scale Distributed Sensor Networks Ecology Seismology Meteorology

50. Access to Unique Scientific Instruments Astronomy High-Energy and Nuclear Physics

51. Hi-fidelity Collaboration HD-quality video CD-quality audio

52. Tele-health Medical instruction Clinical practice Research

53. NEPTUNE http://www.neptune.washington.edu/

54. JASON http://www.jason.org/

55. Cyberinfrastructure Vision: More Than High-End Computing and Connectivity Focused making greater capabilities available across the science and engineering research communities Allows applications to interoperate across institutions and disciplines Ensures that data and software are preserved and easily available to all Empowers enhanced collaboration over distance and across disciplines Report of the National Science Foundation Blue-Ribbon Advisory Panel on Cyberinfrastructure

56. Cyberinfrastructure Days TeraGrid, Open Science Grid, Internet2 and EDUCAUSE collaboration Assist campuses in their CI planning Reach out to early and later-adopting disciplines Gather feedback/insight on services the national organizations could provide to aid campuses and discipline communities

57. Additional Workshops Arts & Humanities Dynamic Circuit Services High-Energy Nuclear Physicists (Large Hadron Collider) IPv6 Multicast Network Performance Real Time Collaboration Tools (Internet2 Commons)

58. The Future A Vision for the US NREN Internet2 NLR Regional & state networks Federal agencies K-20/library/museum community An imperative for US capability and competitiveness

59. An Asset for the Community Universities Researchers Regional Networks K-12 Industry International An Asset for the Community Universities Researchers Regional Networks K-12 Industry International