1. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 By Your Name CCNA 3 Chapter 1 Review: The OSI Reference Model and Routing

2. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Objectives Describe the overall function of the OSI reference model and the problems it solves Describe the characteristics of the: –OSI physical layer –OSI data link layer –OSI network layer –OSI transport layer Describe the function of routing in networks Understand the different classes of routing protocols

3. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Benefits of the OSI Model?

4. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 OSI Layers with Purpose

5. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Peer-to-Peer Communication

6. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Data Encapsulation

7. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Types of Ethernet Ethernet and IEEE 802.3 — LAN specifications, which operate at 10 Mbps over coaxial and twisted- pair cable. 100-Mbps Ethernet — A single LAN specification, also known as Fast Ethernet, which operates at 100 Mbps over twisted-pair cable. 1000 Mbps Ethernet — A single LAN specification, also known as Gigabit Ethernet, which operates at 1000 Mbps (1 Gbps) over fiber and twisted-pair cables. 10 Gigabit Ethernet is only supported over fiber optic media.

8. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Three Varieties of 10 Mbps Ethernet 10BASE-2 –Known as thin Ethernet or thinnet –Allows network segments up to 185 meters on coaxial cable 10BASE-5 –Known as thick Ethernet or thicknet –Allows network segments up to 500 meters on coaxial cable 10BASE-T –Carries Ethernet frames on inexpensive twisted- pair wiring

9. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Encapsulation

10. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 The Physical Layer

11. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 The Data Link Layer The Ethernet/802.3 Interface

12. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Comparing Models

13. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Address Classes

14. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Address Class Prefixes

15. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Subnetting Chart

16. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Layer 3 Addresses - Path and Host Information

17. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 ICMP Testing

18. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 How ARP Works

19. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Routing Table

20. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 IGP vs. EGP

21. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Path Determination

22. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Network and Host Addressing

23. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Path Selection and Packet Switching

24. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Network Layer Devices in Data Flow

25. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Routing Metrics

26. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Routed Versus Routing Protocol

27. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Path Switching The network layer (3) address does not change. The data link layer (2) MAC address changes for each segment.

28. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Static Versus Dynamic Routes The purpose of a static route Why dynamic routing is necessary Dynamic routing operations How distances on network paths are determined by various metrics Classes of routing protocols Time for convergence

29. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Static Versus Dynamic Routes

30. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Dynamic Routing Operations

31. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Routing Protocols A routing protocol defines the set of rules used by a router when it communicates with neighboring routers, including the following: –How to send updates –What knowledge these updates contain –When to send this knowledge –How to locate recipients of the updates

32. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Time to Convergence

33. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Distance Vector Routing Basics Routing updates explained The problem of routing loops The problem of counting to infinity Link-state routing basics How link-state protocols exchange routing information How topology changes propagate through the network of routers

34. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Distance Vector Routing Basics

35. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Distance Vector Discovery

36. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Distance Vector Topology Changes

37. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Routing Metric Components

38. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Link-State Routing Basics

39. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Counting to Infinity

40. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Split Horizon

41. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Route Poisoning

42. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Link-State Network Discovery

43. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Link-State Topology Changes

44. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Link-State Concerns

45. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Distance Vector Versus Link State

46. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Hybrid Protocols Cisco’s EIGRP

47. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 The Transport Layer Segmenting upper-layer applications Establishing a connection Data transfer Reliability with windowing Acknowledgment techniques

48. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 "Reliable" Transport

49. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Three-Way Handshake

50. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Data Transfer

51. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Windowing – Flow Control

52. www.ciscopress.com Copyright 2003 Positive Acknowledgment