1. The French Revolution and Napoléon
CHAPTER 21
4/22/2017
CHAPTER 21
The French Revolution and Napoléon
Section 1: The Roots of Revolution
Section 2: The French Revolution
Section 3: The French Republic
Section 4: The Napoléonic Era
Section 5: A Return to Peace

2. The Roots of Revolution
Section 1:
The Roots of Revolution
Bellwork: Trivia:
Page 511
# 1-3
January 7th, 1789
The first U.S. Presidential election is held, only white men with property were allowed to vote.

3. The Roots of Revolution
CHAPTER 21
4/22/2017
Section 1:
The Roots of Revolution
The Old Regime
The privileged estates –
First Estate was clergy of Roman Catholic Church
Less then 1% of French Population
Owned 15% of French Land
Collected Rent, taxes and fees from Land
Second Estate was nobility
Less then 2% of French population
Held highest positions in Government and Army
Paid few if any taxes, collected dues from peasants

4. The Third estate – The rest of French Population
97%
bourgeoisie (urban middle class)-merchants, manufacturers, professional people such as Doctors and Lawyers
city workers-
Artisans-
rural peasants-Largest group, poorest group

5. The Roots of Revolution
Section 1:
The Roots of Revolution
Growing Discontent
Increased population and cost of living
Families had more children, needed more money to live
Higher estates raised rents and fees
Bourgeoisie wanted liberty and equality
Had gained strength and prosperity

6. The Roots of Revolution
Section 1:
The Roots of Revolution
The Financial Crisis
Assistance to United States during American Revolution led to France’s increased debts
59 Year reign of Louis XV, he was faced with debts inherited from Louis the XIV
Louis XVI tried to raise taxes, hoped a meeting of all three estates would approve new taxes
Married Marie-Antoinette, daughter of Austrian ruler, Maria Theresa
Banks refused to loan French government more money

7. The Meeting of the Estates General
Section 1:
The Roots of Revolution
The Meeting of the Estates General
The three estates had previously met separately
Third Estate wanted representatives to vote as individuals

8. Assignments Worksheet 21.1-21.2 Read Sections 1 and 2
Be prepared for quiz

9. The French Revolution Bellwork Section 2: Page 516 Page 522 #1, 2, 4#4

10. The Spread of the Revolution
Section 2:
The French Revolution
The Spread of the Revolution
During the meeting of the Estates General, King Louis XVI moved troops into position to drive out the Assembly
Parisians took action against the Army
Capture of Bastille prison, looted for weapons and destroyed the Bastille
General Lafayette formed the National Guard
Flag of Red, White, Blue
Peasants developed “Great Fear”,
Fear that the Nobles would try to end the Revolution by crushing the peasants
Peasants attacked local manor houses, destroyed documents recording rents, dues, and obligations.

11. The End of the Old Regime
Section 2:
The French Revolution
The End of the Old Regime
Tried to end violence by ending feudalism, outlawing tithes, canceling dues and services of peasants
The Declaration of the Rights of Man – basic human rights and political powers, applied to men only
Men are born equal, freedom of speech, press, and religion
All men have right to public office, right of fair trial
“Liberty, equality, fraternity”
Émigrés and royalists – forced Louis XVI and family to return to Paris, supported the Old Regime

12. The French Revolution The Constitution of 1791 Section 2:
Limited powers of king
Divided government into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial

13. The Legislative Assembly and War
Section 2:
The French Revolution
The Legislative Assembly and War
Executive branch was weak
Legislature was inexperienced; divided into conservatives, radicals, and moderates
Legislative Assembly united to wage war on Austria

14. The French Revolution The End of the Monarchy Section 2:
Louis XVI plotted with foreign powers to overthrow Constitution of 1791
Legislative Assembly ended the Monarchy
National Convention drew up new constitution

15. The National Convention
Section 3:
The French Republic
The National Convention
Universal manhood suffrage – every adult male could vote
Three main groups
Girondins- Republicans that fear Paris would dominate France
Jacobins-supported the dominance of France by Paris
and delegates who had no definite views

16. Exporting the Revolution
Section 3:
The French Republic
Exporting the Revolution
France was being invaded by an alliance of Great Britian, the Netherlands, Spain, Sardinia, Austria, and Prussia
Committee of Public Safety
adopted “conscription” a draft
All unmarried, able-bodied men between were subject to Military service
Opposition – European monarchs formed an alliance against France.
Counterrevolutionary armies developed and fought the revolutionary army

17. The French Republic The Reign of Terror Section 3:
Reign of Terror- Sept July 1794
National Convention worked to suppress all opposition and revolts within France
Evolutionary Tribunal – tried to suppress all opposition and revolts within France
Punished and executed those that were part of or believed to be part of the counterrevolution

18. Work of the National Convention
Section 3:
The French Republic
Work of the National Convention
Abolished slavery
Planned public education
Adopted metric system

19. The French Republic The Directory Section 3:
Governed by five individuals from the government’s executive branch
Eliminated universal manhood suffrage
Weak, corrupt rulers

20. Assignments Quiz 21.2 Read sections 3 and 4 (517-528)
Worksheet 21.3 & 21.4

21. The Napoléonic Era
Bellwork
Page 528
# 1 & 4

22. The French Republic Napoléon Bonaparte Section 3:
Born in 1769 on the French Island of Corsica, attended Military school in France, stood only 5’2”
By age 26 he was already a General
Married a leader of French society, Josephine de Beauharnais
Rise of Napoléon – strong military leader, gained control of all northern Italy for France
Napoléon takes power – coup d’état due to unstable government
Used force to over take power

23. The Napoléonic Era Napoléon as Dictator Section 4:
The Consulate – Napoléon gave himself unlimited power-Dictator
Napoleonic Era or Age of Napoleon
First five years were called The Consulate
He wrote a new constitution and put it to the people to vote, which was approved by the people
Accomplishments in government
Napoléonic Code
Bank of France
public education-high schools, universities, technical schools
Concordat-agreement with the Pope of Roman Catholic Church-acknowledged that most of France was catholic, but allowed religious freedom

24. The Napoléonic Era Napoléon as Emperor Section 4:
French people voted to become an empire
Napoléon crowned himself
Power permanent and hereditary
Defeated Austria and Russia
Blockade of British Isles

25. The Reorganization of Europe
Section 4:
The Napoléonic Era
The Reorganization of Europe
Increased nationalism – Napoléon placed members of his own family as monarchs of countries he conquered; loyalty and patriotism
The Peninsular War – Spanish and Portuguese revolt against French rule
Drove Napoleon’s family out of rule in Spain

26. The Napoléonic Era Catastrophe in Russia Section 4:
Upset that Russia was trading with Great Brittan, though they were allies with France
The Grand Army of 600,000 – marched to Russia, but were defeated through lack of proper housing and supplies, scorched earth
Russian winter was coming so the retreated
Final defeat – Western European countries allied against France and Napoleon
Restored the Monarchy to Louis XVIII

27. The Napoléonic Era The Hundred Days Section 4:
During 1814 and early 1815 Napoleon escaped exile in Elba and returned to France
King sent army to capture Napoleon
Napoleon convinced them to join him against king
Napoléon led this army into France drove out the King and ruled for one hundred days until Britain, Prussia, and Netherlands were victorious and forced him into exile

28. A Return to Peace Bellwork: Section 5: Page 533 # 1& 4
January 15, 1992
Tim Berners-Lee (who invented the world wide web) released the first web browser software.

29. A Return to Peace The Congress of Vienna Section 5:
The principles of the Congress of Vienna, Austria
Restore order, avoid further rebellions against monarchy, keep peace, suppress possible revolutions
Met to achieve stability in Europe and settle Territorial questions
Compensation-the countries that had suffered the most at the hands of Napoleon had to be paid back
balance of power-had to be restored to Europe so that no country became to powerful
Legitimacy-all former ruling families should be restored to their thrones

30. Reactionary Alliances
Section 5:
A Return to Peace
Reactionary Alliances
Oppose change and try to undo change.
Restored balance of power
Emphasized conservative view to prevent revolution

31. A Return to Peace The Age of Metternich Section 5:
Prince Metternich-a reactionary who believed in absolute monarchy.
Used Secret police and Military suppression to stop liberalism
Liberalism-Extended the ideas of the American and French Revolution. Individual rights and rule of law
Metternich suppressed freedoms such as press and speech