1. Becoming a Teacher Ninth Edition
Forrest W. Parkay
Chapter 4
Philosophical Foundations of U.S. Education
ISBN:
© 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved

2. Focus Questions Why is philosophy important to teachers?
What is the nature of philosophy?
What determines your educational philosophy?
What are the branches of philosophy?
What are five modern philosophical orientations to teaching?
What psychological orientations have influenced teaching philosophies?
How can you develop your educational philosophy
Becoming At Teacher, 9e, Forrest W. Parkay
ISBN:
© 2013, 2010, 2007Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

3. Why is philosophy important to teachers?
Understanding of philosophy will enhance professionalism
Use as a guide for Professional Action
Focuses efforts
Becoming At Teacher, 9e, Forrest W. Parkay
ISBN:
© 2013, 2010, 2007Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

4. What is the nature of philosophy?
identifying the basic truths about being, knowledge, and conduct
Love of Wisdom
Becoming At Teacher, 9e, Forrest W. Parkay
ISBN:
© 2013, 2010, 2007Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

5. What determines your educational philosophy?
Beliefs about Teaching and Learning
Transmission of Knowledge
Construction of Knowledge
Beliefs about Students
Beliefs about Knowledge
Beliefs about What is worth knowing
Becoming At Teacher, 9e, Forrest W. Parkay
ISBN:
© 2013, 2010, 2007Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

6. What Are the Branches of Philosophy?
Metaphysics
explaining the nature of reality
Epistemology
explaining knowledge
Knowing based on:
Authority
Divine Revelation
Empiricism
Reason and Logic
Intuition
Becoming At Teacher, 9e, Forrest W. Parkay
ISBN:
© 2013, 2010, 2007Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

7. What Are the Branches of Philosophy?
Axiology
Explaining values
Ethics
Explaining morals
Aesthetics
Explaining values or art and beauty
Logic
Explaining reasoning
Deductive
Inductive
Socratic questioning
Becoming At Teacher, 9e, Forrest W. Parkay
ISBN:
© 2013, 2010, 2007Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

8. What are the five modern philosophical orientations to teaching?
Perennialism
Knowledge of unchanging principles or great ideas
Essentialism
Knowledge of core subjects
Progressivism
Knowledge from student’s interest
Becoming At Teacher, 9e, Forrest W. Parkay
ISBN:
© 2013, 2010, 2007Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

9. What are the five modern philosophical orientations to teaching?
Existentialism
Knowledge of what is important to the student
Postmodern--Knowledge that challenges historically constructed views of reality
Social Reconstructionism
Knowledge about changing the social order
Critical Pedagogy – focus on how education can promote social justice
Feminist Pedagogy – focus on creating caring communities of engaged learners, collaboration and democracy for all
Becoming At Teacher, 9e, Forrest W. Parkay
ISBN:
© 2013, 2010, 2007Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

10. What psychological orientations have influenced teaching philosophies?
Humanism
Personal freedom and responsibility determine learning
Behaviorism
Environment determines learning
Constructivism
Cognitive processes to construct learning
Cognitive Science – study of mental processes used in thinking and remembering
Becoming At Teacher, 9e, Forrest W. Parkay
ISBN:
© 2013, 2010, 2007Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

11. How can you develop your educational philosophy?
Eclectic Philosophy
unique blend of 2 or more philosophies
Becoming At Teacher, 9e, Forrest W. Parkay
ISBN:
© 2013, 2010, 2007Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved