1. THE ELEMENTS OF MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR: THEORY TREATMENT RESEARCH
CHAPTER 2
THE ELEMENTS OF MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR:
THEORY
TREATMENT
RESEARCH

2. THE ROLE OF THEORY IN ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
SIX THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES INFLUENTIAL TODAY
Biological
Psychodynamic
Behavioral
Cognitive
Humanistic-Existential
Community-Cultural

3. THE BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
GENETIC FACTORS
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
THE BRAIN
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
THE NEUROSCIENCE REVOLUTION
NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY
INTEGRATION OF BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

4. GENETIC FACTORS Chromosomal anomalies Genes Karotype
The Human Genome Project
DNA and penetrance
Heritability
Penetrance
Behavior Genetics
Pedigree Studies

5. THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT

6. BEHAVIOR GENETICS

7. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

8. THE NEURON

9. THE BRAIN

10. THE BRAIN

11. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Brain
Spinal cord
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Somatic System
Autonomic System
THE NEURON
Axons
Dendrites
Neurotransmitters

12. THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

13. THE NEUROSCIENCE REVOLUTION
Neuroanatomy
Neuropathology
Neurochemistry
Neuropharmacology
Neuropsychology

14. BRAIN IMAGING COMPUTERIZED AXIAL TOMOGRAPHY (CT)
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)
MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY (MRS)
SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (SPECT)
POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PT)

15. POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PT SCAN)

16. THE PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE – SIGMUND FREUD
THEORY OF PSYCHOANALYSIS
THEORY OF PERSONALITY
STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
THE PSYCHIC APPARATUS
ANXIETY
DEFENSE MECHANISMS

17. FREUD’S MODEL OF THE MIND

18. THE PSYCHIC APPRATUS ID, EGO, SUPEREGO

19. HOW PSYCHOANALYSIS WORKS

20. DEFENSE MECHANISMS

21. DEFENSE MECHANISMS (continued)

22. RECENT APPROACHES TO PSYCHOANALYSIS
Carl Jung
Alfred Adler
Erik Erikson
Ego Psychology
Object Relations
Self-psychology

23. THE BEHAVAIORAL PERSPECTIVE
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Unconditioned stimulus-unconditioned response
Conditioned stimulus-conditioned response
OPERANT CONDITINING
Positive & negative reinforcers
Punishment
Schedules of reinforcement
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORIES
Modeling & role playing

24. SOME MECHANISMS OF BEHAVIOR CHANGE

25. THE COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE
MALADAPTIVE THOUGHTS ARE THE CAUSE OF MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR
AARON BECK
The goal of therapy is to help clients restructure their thinking.
Albert Ellis
Rational-emotive therapy helps clients question irrational beliefs and modify unrealistic thoughts.

26. FOUR QUESTIONS ASKED IN COGNITIVE THERAPY

27. THE HUMANISTIC-EXISTENTIAL PERSPECTIVE
THE HUMANISTIC VIEW
People are striving toward self-actualization.
Carol Rogers
THE EXISTENTIAL VIEW
Emphasis on self-determination, choice, and individual responsibility.
Viktor Frankl

28. THE COMMUNITY-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
Belief that maladaptive behavior results from inability to cope effectively with stress.
Focus on attempts to reduce maladaptive behaviors through preventive measures.
Causation theory
Social selection theory
Social roles
Labeling

29. AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
Each perspective is valuable to understanding maladaptive behavior.
Different perspectives are more appropriate under differing conditions.
Environmental and individual factors often interact to produce maladaptive behavior.