1. Corus Rail Products Silent Track Railway noise reduction system October 2007

2. 2 Business Development Silent Track - Introduction Corus Rail’s Silent Track developed out of a E.U. part-funded research project to reduce noise generated by railways. Full scale testing gave 5 to 7dB noise reduction. Silent Track reduces noise generated by rails as train wheels pass over them. The system employs patented “tuned dampers” which are attached to either side of the rail. The dampers are designed to suit a particular track-form, and are tailored to meet Clients size requirements. They can be attached to track in-situ, either by high- performance glues or by a specifically designed clip. We are also developing the product to enable dampers to be attached onto rail at Hayange before the rail is installed onto track.

3. 3 Business Development Noise level (dB) Track with tuned dampers Reference track Silent Track – noise reduction Noise levels produced by the track vary across the frequency spectrum. The damper is “tuned” to absorb vibrations at the frequencies which emit the greatest levels of noise. Frequency (Hz)  At low frequency (left side of graph) track noise is low – the damper is designed to have no effect on noise level.  As frequency increases, the noise reaches a peak – the damper is tuned to absorb these frequencies and is thus as effective as possible.  At higher frequencies the track noise reduces – the damper is designed to be less effective at these frequencies The noise spectrum varies for every type of track form, both in position of the peak and the maximum noise level emitted. Silent Track tuned rail dampers are therefore designed specifically for a particular track form – they are NOT an “off the shelf” product.

4. 4 Business Development Rail as a Noise Source Vibration energy from wheel rail contact 50 to 5000 Hz Wheel rail and sleepers all radiate Vertical modes dominate Vibrating Length of track is important - size of source Noise depends on decay of vibration with distance – the lower the decay rate, the greater the vibrating length of rail. -5.0E+4 -4.0E+4 -3.0E+4 -2.0E+4 -1.0E+4 0.E+0 1.0E+4 Force (N)

5. 5 Business Development Effect of Damping on Rail Vibration Decay rate can be increased by the addition of rail damping This reduces the displacement of the vibration waves along the rail, and therefore reduces the vibrating length of the rail, and hence the noise emitted -5.0E+4 -4.0E+4 -3.0E+4 -2.0E+4 -1.0E+4 0.E+0 1.0E+4 Force (N) Vibration waves are diminished if the rail is damped

6. 6 Business Development Effect of Tuned Rail Dampers on Decay Rate The red line shows the increased decay rate on a track fitted with Silent Track tuned rail dampers, compared with the undamped track in blue Decay Rate dB/metre Frequency Hz

7. 7 Business Development SilentTrack™ - How does it work? Elastomer “Springs” Steel Masses Rail vibration causes the masses to oscillate. The energy of movement is absorbed by the elastomer material. SILENT TRACK is a unique 2 mass design developed jointly with the University of Southampton Silent Track reduces the noise generated by the rails as train wheels pass over them. The Tuned Rail Damper System efficiently absorbs the vibrations from the rail –wheel interface and prevents noise from being generated by the rail. The Tuned Rail Damper is tuned to the frequency band with the highest noise level.

8. 8 Business Development Silent Track – Damper design The design of a damper is a two stage process.  Firstly, the Clients requirements define the shape of the damper and fixing method  Second, the track characteristics enables Corus to design the internal arrangement (steel size and spacing) of the damper to give the most effective noise reduction Track measurement to confirm acoustic characteristics of the track. Factors include: Fastening type (Pandrol fastclip, Vossloh etc) Pad stiffness (expressed as kN per mm deflection) Sleeper type (mono or twin bloc concrete, steel, timber) Slab or ballasted track Computor modelling then used to define most effective steel sizes and spacing Stage 1 - Clients requirements defining the shape of the damper Rail type Clearance constraints Rail head Rail fastening Edge of rail foot. Fixing constraints “removable” damper “permanent” damper  Profile  height  length  width  Clip-on  Glue-on Stage 2 – Corus design of internal arrangement to give effective noise reduction

9. 9 Business Development SilentTrack™ - Tuned Absorber - Details STEEL MASSES ELASTOMER with DAMPING PROPERTIES Tuned Rail Damper shown with protective covering removed. Normally the absorber has a complete covering of elastomer to protect against rusting. The elastomers are very stable and have been successfully used for 20 years – in sub-sea, pipework, above and below ground, under sunlight and in the presence of ozone. Dampers have been in track for several years now, with no reduction in performance.

10. 10 Business Development Silent Track – Market Development Approved product Trial in progress National Networks – target markets Urban Network - target markets Holland – Product approval of glued damper April 2004. First commercial sales June 2005. Orders for a total of 16km received. New clipped damper being tested, with approval expected by end of 2007 France – Homologation trial started 2004, approval April 2007 Sweden – Trial started 2005. Product now approved (Sept 2007) Germany – dampers in DB track as part of EU Silence project, installation June 2006 UK, Network Rail – approval being sponsored by Thameslink project. Finland – Trial proposed, details under discussion, dampers in track by end of 2007 Italy – trial proposed Naples, postponed by client due to re-organisation. Czech Republic – trial proposed, Q4 2007 Interest also from National networks – Austria, Italy, Belgium, Switzerland Urban networks – London, Paris, Berlin, Dublin, Tiawan, Hong Kong, Singapore. Trial proposed

11. 11 Business Development Silent Track – Summary of Test Results CountryTrack typeDamperFixingNoise Reduction UIC test centre UIC 60, Pandrol E500mm “continuous”Cast onto railUp to 6dB overall Holland UIC 54, Vossloh + hard pad 500mm “continuous”Glued3.0 – 3.4dB overall Holland UIC 54, Vossloh + hard pad 360mm between sleepers (600mm c/c) Single sided clip 2.6 dB overall Pierrelatte, France UIC 60, Nabla + hard pad 300mm, between sleepers (600mm c/c) “U” Clip 5.8dB (rail) 3-4dB (overall) SwedenUIC 60, Pandrol E 400mm, between sleepers (650mm c/c), low height Spring clip 2 - 6dB overall ( depending on train type) GermanyUIC 60, Vossloh 360mm between sleepers (600mm c/c) Spring clip3.2 - 4.1dB (overall) Italy, Denmark, Finland, UK - discussions underway - awaiting confirmation of test sites!

12. 12 Business Development Silent Track – installation in France As part of efforts by SNCF to reduce the noise generated by rail traffic, Corus dampers have been fitted onto the “classique” line at Pierrelatte near Montelimar. The damper was designed to meet the needs of SNCF, particularly to ensure compatability with their maintenance operations (tamping, rail grinding) and clearance around the rail. We expect to receive full product approval in the coming months

13. 13 Business Development SNCF – Results of tests Reduction of 6dB in rail noise

14. 14 Business Development SNCF – Results of tests

15. 15 Business Development Track maintenance activities Track where Corus dampers have been fitted can be maintained using normal machinery. Rigorous trials have been carried out by the SNCF as part of the product homologation process. The presence of Corus dampers had no effect on the normal functioning of tamping machines and rail grinders.

16. 16 Business Development Silent Track – installation in Germany Latest development of clip for in-situ installation Easier to install Stainless steel = improved durability Improved acoustic coupling material used

17. 17 Business Development Recent measurements from German test site with latest damper / clip design Equates to c. 4dB (A) overall noise reduction

18. 18 Business Development Silent Track in Holland In Holland, because the track is different to that in France, the design of the damper is different They pass behind the rail fastening (type Vossloh), and are glued onto the rail using high performance epoxies. They are certificated to produce a reduction of 3dB (A) on track with the average rail roughness permitted under Dutch standards. In Holland our product has been approved for use since 2004. To date around 20km of track have been fitted.

19. 19 Business Development Pre-attached dampers Dampers of 50cm length have been glued to the rail in factory conditions to form a continuous strip either side of the rail. The rails are then loaded onto the long welded rail delivery train, and the track re- railed in the usual manner.

20. 20 Business Development Silent Track - Benefits in urban areas, and with stations & junctions 102030 Barriers are less effective for multiple tracks Tall buildings near to the track see the highest noise level

21. 21 Business Development Silent Track Benefits in Urban Environments (2) distance from track -10 dB -5 dB 20m40m60m80m Noise level without reduction measure 2.5m barrier only effective at distance Tuned Rail Damper – effective at source Significant advantage for Tuned Rail Dampers for 3 storey dwellings and above within 30 metres of the track Noise reduction Where would you put a barrier in this situation?

22. 22 Business Development SilentTrack™ - Advantages The reduction of noise being generated at its source. The ability of the system to be “tuned” to absorb vibrations specific to a particular track form, and over a wide frequency range. The system has no maintenance requirement, and has no effect on other elements of the rail infrastructure. Can be fitted to standard tracks and will not interfere with normal maintenance operations. The system has the same life as the rail itself. Visually unobtrusive (unlike unsightly noise barriers!). High Noise Reduction Capability : Up to 6dB of noise from the track itself. Significant performance advantages over barriers, especially in urban environment.

23. Corus Rail – Silent Track Tuned Rail Dampers The Best Solution for Reduction of Railway Noise!!!