1. Blue cards By Tyler jetton

2. 1607 Year in which representatives of the Virginia Company of London established the first permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown, Virginia

3. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut First written constitution in the colonies; document that people had the right to elect governors, judges, and a legislature. Was written by the people; the fact that it was written down gave the document credibility.

4. Mayflower Compact Written in 1620 by male Pilgrims on the Mayflower. Created government where none had existed based on majority rule. A social contract where all agreed to abide by these rules in the colonies

5. Mercantilism Economic theory in which a nation’s wealth is based on the amount of revenue is generated from its colonies.The more gold and silver a nation has determine its wealth

6. Slave Trade System of agricultural production based on large scale landownership; depended upon slave labor; Assisted in the development of an agrarian society in the South

7. Triangular Trade Route Trade route from: Europe→Africa Africa→West Indies West Indies→Europe

8. Plantation System System of agricultural production based on large scale landownership; depended upon slave labor; Assisted in the development of an agrarian society in the South

9. House of Burgesses First elected body of representatives in the American colonies; met in Williamsburg, Virginia. Based on Parliament.

10. New England Colonies Along the Atlantic Coast Subsistence farming Poor soil Cold climate ForestsEconomic factors: raw materials, logging, fishing shipbuilding Political factors: town meetings, representative government Social factors: small coastal towns (Boston only large city) Religious factors: Puritans, Pilgrims

11. Middle Colonies Rich soil Broad, deep rivers More natural ports River valleys Mild winters Raw materials Economic factors: large farms, logging, fishing, shipbuilding Political factors: more tolerance; diversity Social factors small coastal towns (Philadelphia, Baltimore, New York were large cities) Religious factors: Quakers, Catholics

12. Southern Colonies Appalachian Mountains Navigable rivers Richer soil Warm climate Raw materials Economic factors: plantations, cash crops, tobacco, rice, cotton Political factors: more slaves, more class-based society Social factors and small coastal towns (Savannah, Charleston were large cities) Religious factors: Church of England, Catholics (Maryland), more diverse

13. Effects of Physical and Human Geographic Factors on Major Historical and Contemporary Events Physical geographic factors – proximity to Atlantic coastline determined where settlements/colonies were created The NewEngland Middle colonies had access to waterways that resulted in high population and larger urban areas. Southern colonies had an abundant amount of fertile soil that resulted in an agricultural society Human geographic factors – removal of the Native Americans, disease and conflict (ex. Georgia as a buffer between the other British colonies and Spanish Florida

14. Great Awakening Religious movement in the 1730s and 1740s. Preached personal salvation as opposed to the Puritan beliefs of pre-destination. JONATHAN EDWARDS – one of the best known preachers of the time – his sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” urged believers to develop a personal relationship with God. This movement revitalized American religion by adding emotion. The Abolitionist Movement began in response to the Great Awakening

15. Inventor, Scientist, Founding Father 1706 – 1790 Published Poor Richard’s Almanack; sayings in his book helped shape the American character, such as “early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. Founded the first public library in the colonies, supported education; Post Master General for all the colonies Scientist: Enlightenment: believed that through study and knowledge a person could improve his position in life Member of the committee that wrote the Declaration of Independence

16. William Penn established a colony in North America as a refuge for Quakers. The land grant from the King was called “Pennsylvania” or Penn’s Woods. Supported toleration of the Native Americans, freedom of worship, welcomed immigrants, and did not require citizens to serve in the militia. Believed that each person was equal and allowed them to elect their own government officials.

17. Benjamin Franklin Created the Albany Plan of Union – the first attempt to unite the colonies during the French and Indian War Considered to be the “first civilized American” Invented the lightening rod, bifocal glasses, and the Franklin stove

18. William Penn Exploration and Colonization Establishment of the 13 colonies Representative Democracy Mercantilism Religious Freedom

19. Explain the reasons for the development of representative government in Colonial America Representative governments often develop to meet the political, economic, and social needs of the people who hold similar beliefs.

20. Major Eras and Events in U.S. History – Colonial America Reasons for Colonization: Religious freedom Political freedom Economic opportunity (mercantilism) Social mobility

21. What are some reasons for European Exploration Curiosity Faster, cheaper trade routes to Asia A better way of life

22. Political reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies Political Reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies: Political Competition with Spain and France who already had many colonies in North America Increase trade and markets for English exports (mercantilism) Source of raw materials

23. Religious reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies Religious reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies: Seeking religious freedom Freedom from persecution for religious beliefs

24. Social reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies: Opportunity for adventure and a better way of life England was overcrowded and settlers desired their own land

25. Reasons for Growth of Representative Government and Institutions During the Colonial Period Distance from England created a need for colonists to make their own laws and keep peace and order Colonists were accustomed to English traditions and structures (Parliament) Most colonies were self-governing, electing members of their community to a general assembly, which made their laws

26. How did Religion and Virtue Contribute to the Growth of Representative Government in the American Colonies Religious freedom was a cause for the establishment of the American colonies. Religious groups: Quakers, Pilgrims, Puritans, and others) creating communities that were self-governed. Penn colony (Pennsylvania) was an experiment in the possibility of equality and citizens involved in the government.

27. Effects of Political, Economic, and Social Factors on Slaves During the Colonial Period Slaves During the Colonial Period: Political – no political voice; no rights Economic – labor of the Plantation System; considered property; children considered property and sold with no regard to parents Social – viewed as property; viewed as outside the American identity

28. Effects of Political, Economic, and Social Factors on Free Blacks During the Colonial Period Free Blacks During the Colonial Period: Political – no political voice; limited / restricted rights Economic – low wage earners Social – lowest social class; limited access to education; socially isolated

29. Physical and Human Geographic Factors on Colonization Proximity to the Atlantic coastline determined where settlements/colonies were created Human geographic factors – removal of the Native Americans, disease and conflict; for example, Georgia was a buffer between the other British colonies and Spanish Florida