1. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority Andy Humphreys Director of Performance & Service Delivery Building Capacity for Public Sector Reform

2. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority ‘Almost normal now’ Andy Humphreys Director of Performance & Service Delivery Building Capacity for Public Sector Reform

3. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority ‘Systems thinking - An illness identified’ Andy Humphreys Director of Performance & Service Delivery Building Capacity for Public Sector Reform

4. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority ‘Systems thinking – Used and abused’ Andy Humphreys Director of Performance & Service Delivery Building Capacity for Public Sector Reform

5. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority Total Systems Intervention in Strategic Planning North Yorkshire Police 1994

6. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority Creativity Phase Interviews leading to a ‘metaphor picture’ Choice Phase Selection of systems based intervention Implementation Phase Establish and implement specific change proposals Total Systems Intervention

7. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority The organisation as a machine The organisation as an organism The organisation as a brain The organisation as a culture The organisation as a coercive system Metaphors

8. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority Creativity Phase – Create a ‘metaphor picture’ Identify Dominant metaphors [Organism/Brain] Identify Dependant metaphors [Culture/political] Total Systems Intervention

9. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority “Autocratic decision making has been replaced by democratic bureaucracy” “I rely on someone to tell me about strategy, so far no one has” I don’t think the top corridor recognises anything we feedback to them” “There is some strategy – I’ve received it down the car phone from an ACPO officer” Quotes from creativity interviews using metaphor analysis

10. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority “At a time when I’m being encouraged to ‘let go’ the top team seem to be grabbing hold” “The top team are spending too much time in the comfort zone of tactics” “If certain Chief Officers ever found their way down this corridor the would be lost!” “The ACC’s are bogged down in survival mode” Quotes from creativity interviews using metaphor analysis

11. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority Choice Phase – Utilising the ‘system of systems methodologies’ identify appropriate systems based methodologies Viable Systems Model [Stafford Beer] Interactive Planning [Russell Ackoff] Total Systems Intervention

12. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority Implementation Phase – [VSM diagnosis] A lack of co-ordination & control Audit information was restricted Feedback was poor/non-existent Chief Officer interference was evident at lower levels of the system There was no developmental or filter function for Chief Officers Total Systems Intervention

13. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority The Planning Process Designed Aims – To involve all those who could affect, or who could be affected by policing strategies in North Yorkshire To inform and communicate, through involvement, to avoid the pitfalls of re-telling the strategy To increase the relevance of strategic planning to operational policing by concentrating on the core service areas of policing To ensure that planning is a continuous process To offer a clarity of purpose for consultative forums by providing a guiding method for working within them To provide innovative dynamism required by the organisation in a highly unstable environment

14. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority Learning Lessons Even with the absence of overtly explaining ‘metaphors’ the ‘jargon used created barriers The ‘choice’ phase of TSI and the ‘system of systems methodology’ was of limited value There was a distortion affect of brining the project clients and the stakeholders together

15. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority Boundary & Structure Review North Yorkshire Police 1998

16. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority HMI Report Crime & Disorder Act Finance £4m shortfall 2% efficiency savings Best Value A ‘new’ Chief Constable The ‘Drivers’

17. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority Soft Systems Methodology 1.Enter situation considered problematic 2.Express the problem situation 7.Take action to improve the situation 6.Define possible changes which are both desirable and feasible 5.Compare models with real world actions Real World Systems thinking about the real world 3.Formulate root definitions of the relevant systems of purposeful activity 4.Build conceptual models of the systems named in the root definitions

18. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority ‘Quick Fix’ approaches Putting the wrong thing right! A lack of a systems approach Imposition of change Poor communication Lack of completion of change programme Change management ‘failure’ factors

19. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority Style – “The provision of a local style of policing across the Force must be enhanced in any boundary or structural changes” Supervision – “The provision of effective supervision levels, particularly at Inspector rank, throughout the 24hr period across the Force is essential” Coterminosity – “Divisions covering single or multiple council areas in their entirety are desirable” Desired Outcomes

20. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority Management structure – “The Force structure must balance effective management with a commitment to ‘front line first’ service delivery” Custody services – “The provision of custody services should be provided by an independent centrally based department, at suitably identified locations across the Force” Rationalisation of support services – “Any changes in boundaries or structures will provide opportunities to review and rationalise the provision of police and support services” Desired Outcomes

21. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority ‘Recognise the Reality’ ‘Same role, different rank, proportional to work load and responsibility’ ‘Front line first’ ‘From the first to the ground floor’ Guiding Statements of Principle

22. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority Soft Systems Methodology 1.Enter situation considered problematic 2.Express the problem situation 7.Take action to improve the situation 6.Define possible changes which are both desirable and feasible 5.Compare models with real world actions Real World Systems thinking about the real world 3.Formulate root definitions of the relevant systems of purposeful activity 4.Build conceptual models of the systems named in the root definitions

23. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority Learning Lessons Systems thinking was only ever surfaced with the review team Lack of personal academic review created a vulnerability Concept ownership is critical

24. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority Internal Business Re-organisation Developing the National Centre for Policing Excellence Current Challenges

25. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority Andy Humphreys Director of Performance & Service Delivery Building Capacity for Public Sector Reform

26. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority

27. Total Systems Intervention Systems methodology (examples) Assumptions about Problem Contexts Underlying metaphors System dynamicsSimple-UnitaryMachine/Team Viable systems diagnosis Complex-UnitaryOrganism/Brain/Team Strategic assumption surfacing & testing Simple-PluralisticMachine/Coalition/Culture Interactive planningComplex-PluralisticBrain/Coalition/Culture Soft systems methodology Complex-PluralisticOrganism/Coalition/Culture Critical systems heuristics Simple-CoerciveMachine/Organism/Prison

28. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority Policing Knowledge Maps collaborative development programme that gives Centrex a good understanding of customer specific requirements to assist them in their strive for excellence in policing clarifies key stakeholders requirements for improving policing excellence enables police services to implement a continuous improvement process for the management of policing

29. Centrex is a registered trademark of the Central Police Training and Development Authority NCPE’s Policing Knowledge Maps NationalOccupationalStandards Supportfor Support forOperationalProcesses Codes and RegulationsInformationRequirements Definingourcurrent understandingof best practice Defining our current understanding of best practice Underpinning development and lifelong learning A collaborative process of development Asingle method for deconstructing policing A single method for deconstructing policing