1. Tracking in funding of climate efforts in developing countries and potential for tracking with georeferencing and crowdsourcing Timmons Roberts Brown University/AidData Special thanks to Christian Peratsakis and AidData Preparatory Workshop for Third Session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction 2011 Tracking of Disaster Risk Reduction and Recovery Investments in International Aid 13-14 April 2011, Helsinki, Finland

2. Assessments of Need and Pledges at Copenhagen and Cancun Now many estimates of adaptation/resilience need: UNDP, World Bank, Oxfam, IIED; vary from 10 to over 200b/year Copenhagen Accord promised New and Additional funds $30billion in Fast Start Finance 2010-2012 scaling up to $100 billion/year by 2020 But: Public and private Loans and grants No baseline set Much variation in donor categorization, lack standards and registry

3. Learning from experience tracking climate adaptation funding 2008 -- Categorization of 115,000 projects in OECD DAC 2000- 2006 2009 -- Categorization of 2,225 DFID projects 2007-2008 portfolio on 12 climate adaptation schemes 2010 -- ffort to code all of PLAID 1.9.2, precursor to AidData 1.0 and experiment with naïve bayesian machine coding 2011 -- GFDRR/AidData categorization of 70,000 projects 2011 -- Crowd-sourcing pilot in Uganda with UNICEF 2011 -- CCAPSUniv. of Texas/MINERVA Africa vulnerability and fragile statesidentification, georeferencing, enhancement

4. Humble Beginnings: First efforts to categorize by climate In 2008, PLAID coders categorized a random sample of 115,000 projects from the OECD CRS 2000-2006 on a six-point climate coding system: 1: Mitigation: Energy efficiency and reducing emissions 2: Mitigation: Renewable energy 3: Mitigation: Other 4: Adaption studies and plans 5: Adaption action 6: Natural disaster prevention

5. 115,000 projects 2000-2006 DAC Coded For Climate Mitigation and Adaptation

6. The largest natural disaster projects we encountered 2002JapanJBICTO PREVENT DESERTIFICATION69.4589173TO PREVENT DESERTIFICATION 2002JapanMOFA FLOOD PROTECTION AND DRAINAGE IMPVT IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF PHNOM PENH17.9024112 THE PROJECT FOR FLOOD PROTECTION AND DRAINAGE IMPROVEMENT IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF PHNOM PENH 2001IDANATURAL DISASTER VULNERABILITY17.8573193NATURAL DISASTER VULNERABILITY 2001CanadaCIDADISASTER PREPAREDNESS PROJECT4.5147158DISASTER PREPAREDNESS PROJECT 2000UKDFID LIVELIH. RESTORATION, PUB. HEALTH INTERV. & COMM. BASED DISASTER PREPA.4.1860016 ORISSA CYCLONE: LIVELIHOODS RESTORATION, PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS AND COMMUNITY BASED DISASTER PREPAREDNESS 2004IDADISASTER MANAGEMENT PROJECT3.8519013LC DISASTER MANAGEMENT PROJECT II 2004FranceMAE *LUTTE CONTRE LA SÉCHERESSE DANS LE SAHEL3.7970952 ADAPTATION DU COMITÉ PERMANENT INTER- ÉTAT *DE LUTTE CONTRE LA SÉCHERESSE DANS LE SAHEL (CILSS) *AUX NOUVEAUX ENJEUX RÉGIONAUX (ACER) 2004IBRDDISASTER MANAGEMENT PROJECT3.7803806LC DISASTER MANAGEMENT PROJECT II 2004IDBDISASTER PREVENTION PROGRAM2.7586561ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL DISASTERS 2000 German yGTZ RURAL DEVELOPMENT: FIGHT AGAINST DESERTIFICATION IN DRAA-TAL2.0065608 DESERTIFIKATIONSBEKAEMPFUNG IM DRAA- TAL (ALT: 9120866)

7. A case study: DFID Gordon Brown pledge of climate adaptation funding agency need to decide what counts as adaptation In 2009, DFID contracted AidData to categorized all 2,226 projects in DFIDs 2008-9 portfolio Goal was to understand which projects would be captured by different categorization schemes Expert review at June 2009 Bonn UNFCCC negotiations

8. The categorizations 1. OECD Rio Markers (Mitigation) 2. OECD Draft Adaptation Markers 3. Mitigation and Adaptation Planning and Action 4. High-Carbon vs. Low-Carbon Adaptation 5. Adaptation "Models" (WRI 1) 6. The "Targetedness Continuum (WRI 2) 7. Adaptation Strategies Employed (WRI 3) 8. Vernons (DFID) Triangle Categorization 9. LDC/Lesotho 2008 position on adaptation 10. EU Framework for Action on Adaptation 11. Nairobi Work Programme 12. Bellagio Framework 13. Qualifies for Waxman-Markey Bill Adaptation Funding 14. World Bank Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR) Qualifying Requirements

9. 12 categorizations of 2,226 DFID projects

10. OECD Climate Adaptation Marker 1 – Significant objective: Adaptation to climate change was an important, but not principal objective. Minimum criteria: a.) It is intended to reduce the vulnerability of natural and human systems to the impacts of climate change by increasing adaptive capacity and resilience and reducing climate related risk; or b.) It aims to develop the necessary capacity to forecast the impacts of climate change, to assess climate risks and vulnerability or to develop climate risk management responses 2 – Principal objective: Climate change adaptation is an explicit objective of the activity and fundamental in its design; a principal objective meets the minimum criteria of a significant objective, while answering negatively to the question Would the activity have been undertaken without this objective?

11. WRI targetedness continuum Weathering the Storm McGray 2009 0 – No noted adaptation features of project 1 – Addressing the Drivers of Vulnerability: At the development end of the spectrum, activities reduce poverty and address other fundamental shortages of capability that make people vulnerable to harm. 2 – Building Response Capacity: Adaptation activities focus on building robust systems for problem solving. 3 – Managing Climate Risk: 4 – Confronting Climate Change: Actions focus almost exclusively on addressing impacts associated with climate change. 99 – Not sufficient data to categorize

12. DFID Triangle (Vernon 2008) 0 – Not targeted: Outside the DFID Adaptation Circle. 1 – Good development practice: Educated, healthy people working in a diversified economy are less vulnerable overall and better able to deal with climatic shocks and change 2 – Climate proofing climate-sensitive development measures and efforts to reduce vulnerability 3 – Expanding climate-relevant development measures and efforts to build resilience and reduce vulnerability, e.g. disaster risk reduction (incremental shifts). 4 – Undertaking climate-specific measures to target climate risks (new approach). 99 – Insufficient data to categorize

13. Figure 1 Figure 3 Figure 2 Figure 4

14. A consensus measure?

17. AdaptationWatch promoting transparency & accountability in climate adaptation

18. Conclusions Promises require a climate funding registry and tracking Need for independent categorization of projects There was a fairly remarkable consensus that about 3-3.5 percent of DFID projects in 2008-09 were narrowly defined as adaptation Over 30 times as many projects fall under a broad definition of adaptation as the narrow adaptation classification Several options exist for categorizationcould nest DRR inside climate adaptation funding Much future research needed

19. Contact Us Timmons Roberts, Brown University, USA timmons@brown.edu timmons@brown.edu Aiddata.org

20. Extra slides

21. Population Density and Active World Bank Projects

22. Poverty and Active World Bank Projects

23. 31 3

25. 2006 disaster risk reduction projects 200650AG DISASTER PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS0.15947630 INTEGRAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN IN NORTHERN MINA SE PRETENDEN MEJORAR LAS CONDICIONES DE SALUD, SOCIOECON MICAS Y DE SEGURIDAD FRENTE A DESASTRES NATURALES, DE LOS 10.250 HABITANTES DE LOS BARRIOS URBANO-MARGINALES DE VIETNAM, LA BARQUITA Y KATANGA, Y ESPECIALMENTE DE LAS MUJERES CON INGRESOS ECON MICOS 20065KFW Program Desertification Controll00 2006302Misc DISASTER PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS0.475095974 Under the Compacts of Free Association, NWS provides weather forecasting to the island of Yap.. NOAA Weather Service Program. 200650AG DISASTER PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS0.03597210 PROGRAM FOR HUNGER PREVENTION AND DISEASES CAUSED BY DROUGHT IN WAJIR. KENYA PROGRAMA DE PREVENCIÓN DEL HAMBRE Y LAS ENFERMEDADES CAUSADAS POR LA SEQUIA EN WAJIR. KENIA 200612DFID SUPPORT TO THE INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION0 The ISDR serves as an international platform for disaster reduction based on a cross sectoral inter- disciplinary approach. It supports initiatives aimed at reducing human, economic and social losses due to natural hazards and technological and environment 20065GTZ Convention Project to Combat Desertification0 2006701JICA STUDY ON FLOOD AND DEBRIS FLOW IN CASPIAN COASTAL AREA FOCUSING ON FLOOD0.25412510 200650MFA DISASTER PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS8.99E-020 RISK AND EMERGENCIES MANAGEMENTGESTIÓN DE RIESGOS Y EMERGENCIAS 200650MFA DISASTER PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS0.17986050 AGRICULTURAL REHABILITATION AND NATURAL DISASTER PREVENTION IN THE BOLIVIAN HIGHLANDS REHABILITACIÓN AGROPECUARIA Y PREVENCIÓN DE DESASTRES NATURALES EN EL ALTIPLANO BOLIVIANO 20065GTZ Desertification control Caribbean/Central America0 20065F Odisaster prevention4.65E-02disaster preventiondesaster prevention 200611SDC DISASTER REDUCTION CAPACITY IN CUSCO DEP.Disaster Reduction Capacity in Cusco Dep. 20065F Odisaster prevention 0.36279 2921disaster preventiondesaster prevention 20068MFA Tsunami and extreme weather risk reduction measures, land use and rehab.0 Regional project, area and physical planning for tsunami and extreme weather conditions 200611SDC FORZA FLOOD PREVENTION TRANSCARPATHIA 1.39918 403 FORZA Flood Prevention Transcarpathia 200611SDCCIMMYT DROUGHT TOLERANCE ON MAIZECIMMYT Drought Tolerance on Maize 200650MFAAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT 0.29976 750 SUPPORT FOR THE NATIONAL PLAN OF FIGHT AGAINST DESERTIZATION IN SEMMAR, PROVINCE OF NADOR CONCEPCIÓN DE UN ESQUEMA INTEGRADO DE DESARROLLO AGRÍCOLA, SOCIOECONÓMICO Y DE GESTIÓN SOSTENIBLE DE LOS RECURSOS NATURALES DEL ÁREA DE SEMMAR PROVINCIA DE NADOR) QUE CONSTARÁ DE ACCIONES DE APROVECHAMIENTO, ACCIONES DE MOVILIZACIÓN DE RECURSOS DE AGUA, D 200611SDC DISASTER PREVENTION THROUGH COORDINATION OFFICEDisaster Prevention through Coordination Office 200611SDC FORZA FLOOD PREVENTION TRANSCARPATHIAFORZA Flood Prevention Transcarpathia 200611SDC DISASTER PREVENTION THROUGH COORDINATION OFFICEDisaster Prevention through Coordination Office 200611SDC DISASTER PREVENTION THROUGH COORDINATION OFFICEDisaster Prevention through Coordination Office 20068MFA WIN/Caribian ocean/preventive measures natr disast 0.18885 8108 WIN/Caribian ocean/preventive measures natr disastDescription is missing