1. Unit 1 Chapter 1-Principles of Government

2. What is Government?  Institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies and laws  “Man is by nature a political animal- Aristotle  Public Policies: All things government decides to do Taxation, defense, education, crime, health care, working conditions etc.

3. Kinds of Power  Legislative Power to make law and frame public policies  Executive Power to execute, enforce, and administer law  Judicial Power to interpret laws  Powers may be held by a single person or small group and majority of people  Powers are outlined in a country’s constitution

4. The State What is a state?  Body of people, living in a defined territory, organized politically, and with the power to make and enforce law without the consent of any higher authority  More than 190 states in the world

5. Characteristics of a State Four Characteristics:  Population: must have people  Territory: Must have land with recognized boundaries  Sovereignty: Has supreme and absolute power within its own territory  Government: Every state has a Government

6. Theories on Gov’t Development  1-Force military  2-Evolutionary Starts with family—clan---tribe  3-Divine Right “god given” right to rule  4-Social Contract John Locke

7. What does Gov’t do for us?  “We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” - Preamble to the Constitution

8. What does Gov’t do for us?  6 Functions  1) Perfect Union: union=strength  2) Establish Justice: law must be reasonable, fair and impartial “equal justice for all”  3) Domestic Tranquility: need order, need Gov’t  4) Common Defense: must protect and defend our nation  5) Promote General Welfare: Benefit the citizens  6) Secure the Blessings of Liberty  “You can only be free if I am free”--Darrow

9. Forms of Government  No two governments are alike  Various ways to classify Governments 1. Who can participate in governing process 2. Geographic distribution of power 3. Relationship between lawmaking and executive

10. Forms of Government Cont. Who can participate?  Democracy Political authority rests with people “Government of the people, by the people, for the people” Lincoln  Direct Democracy  will of people is translated into law directly by the people (mass meetings)  Indirect/ Representative Democracy  Small group of people chosen by the people act as their representative and express the popular will

11. Forms of Government Cont. Who can participate?  Dictatorship Political authority rests with one person or a small group Oldest form of government Very few admit they are a dictator  Autocracy Single person holds unlimited power  Oligarchy Small group of people

12. Forms of Government Cont. Geographic Distribution  Unitary Government- centralized Gov’t Great Britain  Federal Government- powers divided between central and local governments United States  Confederate Government- alliance of independent states European Union, Colonies

13. Geographic Distribution Unitary Federal Government Confederate Government

14. Forms of Government Cont. Relationship between Legislative and Executive Branches  Presidential (US) Separation of Powers Branches are independent Fixed Terms Powers are written in the Constitution  Parliamentary Executive is made up of prime minister & cabinet Parliament includes executive No terms No checks and balances Majority of world is parliamentary

15. Democracy is…..

16. Political Cartoon #1 Title: democracy Artist: Petar Pismestrovic, Kleine Zeitung, Austria Date: February 2, 2005

17. Political Cartoon #2 Title: Meaning of Democracy Artist: Larry Wright, The Detroit News Date: February 1, 2005

18. Political Cartoon #3 Title: Democracy Shuttle Artist: Stephane Peray, Thailand Date: August 10, 2005

19. Characteristics of Democracy DEMOCRACY Majority rule Govt. by and for the people Rights of the individual protected Elected representatives carry out the people ’ s will Freedom Everyone equal under the law

20. Democracy is …. a system of government in which the people rule either directly or through elected representatives

21. Direct Democracy A form of democracy in which the people as a whole make direct decisions, rather than having those decisions made for them by elected representatives

22. Examples of Direct Democracy referendum - the practice of submitting a law to a popular vote at election time. The law may be proposed by a voter's initiative or by the legislature Should District 128 raise taxes? Yes No

23. Examples of Direct Democracy recall - A procedure whereby the voters can vote to remove an elected official from office

24. Representative Democracy People elect individuals to represent their views at local, state and national levels Public Policies (laws) are made by officials who are selected by voters Held accountable by elections

25. American Concept of Democracy Importance of the Individual Equality of all individuals Majority Rule, Minority Rights Necessity of Compromise Individual Freedom

26. Fortunate Son recorded by Creedence Clearwater Revival (1969) Some folks are born made to wave the flag, ooh, they're red, white and blue. And when the band plays "Hail To The Chief", oh, they point the cannon at you, Lord, It ain't me, it ain't me, I ain't no senator's son, It ain't me, it ain't me, I ain't no fortunate one, no, Some folks are born silver spoon in hand, Lord, don't they help themselves, oh. But when the taxman come to the door, Lord, the house look a like a rummage sale, yes, It ain't me, it ain't me, I ain't no millionaire's son. It ain't me, it ain't me, I ain't no fortunate one, no. Yeh, some folks inherit star spangled eyes, ooh, they send you down to war, Lord, And when you ask them, how much should we give, oh, they only answer, more, more, more, yoh, It ain't me, it ain't me, I ain't no military son, It ain't me, it ain't me, I ain't no fortunate one, It ain't me, it ain't me, I ain't no fortunate one, no no no, It ain't me, it ain't me, I ain't no fortunate son, no no no,