1. Ms. Gripshover Landscaping Unit 18 INSTALLING PATIOS, WALKS, AND DECKS

2. OUR OBJECTIVES Describe the types of materials used in paving Explain how to select patio materials Describe how to install a walkway or patio Discuss proper deck installation procedures

3. OUR VOCABULARY Cubic yard Curing Decks Exposed aggregate Forms Hard pacing Patio Paving Screed Soft paving

4. WHAT MATERIALS ARE USED IN PAVING? Paving is simply covering the soil and is done to: Prevent erosion Prevent soil compaction Improve walking conditions Choosing paving material depends on cost, availability, and suitability and can be hard paving or soft paving Main paths should be at least 3’, side paths at least 2’

5. Pros- Durable Good for children Can be temporary until a permanent solution is used Cons- More maintenance Pros- Durability Strength Low maintenance Cons- Exspensive Installation (usually a pro) Environmental conditions like… Examples… ? PAVING CHOICES HARD PAVING SOFT PAVING

6. WHAT MATERIALS SHOULD BE USED IN CONSTRUCTING A PATIO? Patios are an extension of the home Can also be made from hard or soft paving (most chose hard paving) Factors that may affect choice are price, use, shape of patio, durability, and the grade of the site

7. Grass Mulch Concrete- Durable Easy to upkeep Not very attractive (can be tinted) Site preparation Installation Gravel is inexpensive Wood Inexpensive Easy to construct Looks good Regular maintenance Brick or flagstone on a concrete base are pricey but durable and very attractive PATIO MATERIALS HARD PAVINGSOFT PAVING

8. HOW CAN A WALKWAY OR PATIO BE PROPERLY INSTALLED? Often a landscaper will contract out the job because of its laborious installation process Concrete walks are popular because they can be in any shape and aren’t as difficult to install Concrete- is cement (like a glue), gravel, and sand

9. STEPS TO INSTALLING A WALKWAY/ PATIO 1 ST - remove turf and excavate to a depth of 6” and lay a 2” of crushed gravel/ rock dust 2 nd - forms are installed (wooden boards or plastic molds) to hold concrete in place until it dries. The boards are held in place with steel bars 3 rd - order concrete To order concrete you must determine how many cubic yards (cy) are needed In order to determine cy, you take the width X depth X length/ 27 Concrete has a tendency to crack and is sometimes reinforced with steel mesh or polypropylene fibers The concrete can be leveled using a screed Next, a bull float is used to push aggregates down into the cement and smooth it out 4 th - let the concrete cure (harden) The slower it hardens the stronger it is Often covered with plastic to slow down the process

10. STEPS TO INSTALLING A WALKWAY/ PATIO USING PAVERS (CONT.) 1 ST - remove turf and excavate to a depth of 6” and lay a 2” of crushed gravel/ rock dust Sometime landscape fabric is also laid to reduce frost heaving 2 nd - edge restraints are used to prevent the pavers/ bricks from shifting 3 rd - a 2” inch layer of sand is laid and leveled 4 th - pavers are laid starting in the corner Keep a slope of 2 degrees away from the building A masonry saw or brick chisel is used for cutting 5 th - fill joints with course sand

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12. HOW IS A DECK INSTALLED? Decks are similar to patios but they are raised above ground level and are made of wood They are very flexible in arrangement and can be on hills, multi level, etc. Wood can be expensive but often people often buy pre treated wood which helps prevent rot 1 st - choose wood 2 nd - remove turf, put support post in place Typically 4” X 4” X or 6” X 6” in deep holes at least 48” and then filled with concrete 3 rd - beams are put up to connect the support posts together and to hold the deck joist in place, connected using lag bolts and usually 16” apart 4 th - put deck boards over the joists with nails or screws Space 1/8” or ¼” apart to allow for weather changes and to allow for drainage 5 th - post need to be installed for a railing and they are usually 36” tall Balusters can be added between the top and bottom rails every 6”