3. › Indirect control allowed existing political rulers to handle much of the daily work while countries that ruled by direct control viewed locals as unable to control their own country.  Often in direct rule, the imperialist takes care of their needs but gives them no rights.  Imperialists often want locals to assimilate to the dominant culture.

5.  Improved weaponry - maxim gun  Steam boat to navigate rivers  Improved communication to administer empire, railroads, cables, and steam boats  Quinine - drug preventing malaria

7.  Westernization › Sanitation › Government › Culture › Christianity › So much more!

9.  The policy was set in 1899 and went into action after the Boxer Rebellion.  The defeated Chinese government was forced to pay retribution to invading Western countries.  Western countries realigned their territories to make space for the U.S.

11.  The Chinese government resisted Western traditions and its people did not trust the officials. The Chinese fell prey to other countries for decades.  The Japanese embraced Western culture and revamped its society. It quickly became a world power.

12.  Build Schools  Reduce crime  Improve local textile industry  Plant cash crops  Introduced railroads  Improve medical facilities  Increase food production  End suttee

13.  Build Schools  Introduced railroads  Improve medical facilities  End suttee

15.  The Mughal Empire fizzled out of power after isolating itself for so long.  Britain’s victory at the Battle of Plassey paved the way for the British East India Company to seize control – indirect control.

17.  German army and strong central government  British navy  U.S. system of education

19. › North Africa  Islamic, part of Ottoman Empire › Sub-Saharan  1000 different languages  Kingdoms to small tribes  Many different ethnic groups

21.  Muslim Ottoman Empire (Berbers) had controlled northern access for centuries before losing power in the 19 th century.  Rivers not easily navigable  Sahara Desert  Disease

23.  Reduced local warfare  Improved sanitation  Medicine and hospitals  Schools  Entered international economy  Built infrastructure  Railroads, dams, and telephone and telegraph lines

25.  Diseases like smallpox, 1000’s died  Famine resulted from switch from subsistence farming to cash crops  Lost culture and traditional societal structure  Village life disrupted  Political Legacy  Rival groups forced to live together  Artificial boundaries still plague Africa

27.  New consisted of quicker, more direct control, dominant takeover of WHOLE country.  Old consisted of taking over smaller parts like cities or regions for trading posts, etc.

31.  The Boers (Afrikaners, Dutch) had managed to coexist with the Zulus.  However, the British wanted all the land in South Africa and pitted themselves against the Zulu and Boers.  This resulted in the British winning and securing the land of South Africa.

33.  Japan established spheres of influence over Korea

35.  Scottish missionary David Livingstone traveled deep into Africa to spread Christianity.  American newspaper reporter Henry Stanley discovered him several years later.  This sparked an interest in imperializing Africa.

36.  What is “Raj”?

37.  Following the Sepoy Mutiny when the British government took direct rule over India.

38.  The Boers used this to fight off the British. What is it?

39.  The Boer War is considered the first modern “total” war in that everybody was involved. › Guerrilla tactics › Commando raids › Women and children were imprisoned