1. Age of European Imperialism and Effects of European Rule
Chapter 4, Sections 4,5.
Age of European Imperialism
and
Effects of European Rule

2. By WW1 Europeans claimed all of Africa except Liberia and Ethiopia.
Britain controlled most with France, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Portugal and Spain also represented.

3. By the late 1800’s industrialization required lots of raw resources
By the late 1800’s industrialization required lots of raw resources. Africa was a source for palm oil (soap), cotton and gum (paper and fabrics).
Rainforests provided rubber, ivory and rare hardwoods. Plus Africa was a new market for manufactured goods.

4. Congo Free State- King Leopold exploited human and mineral resources, and made Africans produce rubber and ivory without pay.
When resistance occurred, the Belgians cut off ears and hands. Eventually Leopold had to hand over his fiefdom to the Belgian gov.

5. Only in Ethiopia did resistance succeed
Only in Ethiopia did resistance succeed. Emperor Menelik II hired Europeans to train and arm his forces.
At the Battle of Adowa in 1896, he defeated the Italians and protected his country’s independence.

6. Shaka Zulu helped build a powerful empire northeast of the Orange River. They displaced many original inhabitants.
In the 1850’s the Boers set up the Orange Free State and the Transvaal, in Zululand. The Boers and Zulus fought for decades.

7. By 1902 the Brits had beat the Dutch in the Boer War.
In 1910, they created the Union of South Africa, and granted it self-government. Only white men could vote. The Boers gained control.

8. Europeans exploited mineral wealth for factories
Europeans exploited mineral wealth for factories. White settlers set up plantations to grow cash crops (cocoa, cotton, peanuts, coffee).
Europeans displaced the barter economy with a money economy and required Africans to pay taxes.

9. Material Improvements- colonial rule brought new roads, railroads and telegraphs. Africans were forced to build these for low wages.

10. Europeans set up schools where Africans learned European culture and history.
A few attended secondary schools, and formed an educated elite in the colonies.