1. Bilal Saqib

2. Courtesy: Northrop Grumman Corporation

3. Courtesy:cccp.eecs.umich.edu/slides/lee-hipeac05.ppt

5. WMAN : Wireless Metro Area Network 802.16d : Fixed WiMax 802.16e : Mobile WiMax WLAN : Wireless Local Area Network High data rate Poor mobility support Courtesy:cccp.eecs.umich.edu/slides/lee-hipeac05.ppt

6. Interconnecting personal devices Courtesy:cccp.eecs.umich.edu/slides/lee-hipeac05.ppt

7. Upper Protocol Layers Physical Layer (PHY) Application bits Baseband Processing Analog Front-end Packets “Air” MAC LINK Network Transport PPP IP TCP/UDP Courtesy:cccp.eecs.umich.edu/slides/lee-hipeac05.ppt

9. Audio AMR/QCELP PHY MAC Upper layers Physical layer LINK Network Transport ASIC (Hardware) GPP (Software) Video MPEG GPP (Software) DSP/ Accelerator Source coding Application Processor Baseband Processor Courtesy:cccp.eecs.umich.edu/slides/lee-hipeac05.ppt

10.  Use software routines instead of ASICs for the physical layer operations of wireless communication system ASICs (PHY) Programmable Hardware Software Routines Both Analog Frontend and Digital Baseband are the scope of SDR Courtesy:cccp.eecs.umich.edu/slides/lee-hipeac05.ppt

11.  A Software Defined Radio (SDR) system is a radio communication system where components that have typically been implemented in hardware (i.e. mixers, filters, amplifiers, modulators/demodulators, detectors. etc.) are implemented using software.  A basic SDR may consist of a PC equipped with a sound card, or other ADC, preceded by some form of RF front end.  Significant amounts of signal processing are handed over to the general purpose processor, rather than done using special-purpose hardware.

12. Levels of SDR TierNameDescription Tier 0 Hardware Radio (HR) Implemented using hardware components. Cannot be modified Tier 1 Software Controlled Radio (SCR) Only control functions are implemented in software: inter-connects, power levels, etc. Tier 2 Software Defined Radio (SDR) Software control of a variety of modulation techniques, wide-band or narrow-band operation, security functions, etc. Tier 3 Ideal Software Radio (ISR) Programmability extends to the entire system with analog conversion only at the antenna. Tier 4 Ultimate Software Radio (USR) Defined for comparison purposes only Courtesy: source:http://www.sdrforum.org

13.  Seamless wireless connection – End User ◦ Widely different wireless protocols  TDMA : GSM, AMPS  CDMA : IS-95, cdma2000, W-CDMA, IEEE 802.11b  OFDM : IEEE 802.11a/g/n, WiMAX ◦ Needs a terminal that can support multiple wireless protocols  Easy infrastructure upgrade – Service Provider ◦ Wireless protocols evolve continuously  Ex) W-CDMA  W-CDMA + HSDPA  Time to market – Manufacturer ◦ Reduce hardware development time and cost

14.  Military Communications ◦ Tactical Military Communications ◦ Military Satellite Communications ◦ Rapid Prorotyping  Basestations ◦ Weak constraints on power and area ◦ Support several hundred subscribers ◦ Will be commercialized first  Wireless terminals ◦ Tight constraints on power and area. ◦ Will be commercialized next Courtesy:cccp.eecs.umich.edu/slides/lee-hipeac05.ppt

15.  High-Speed ADCs ◦ Nyquist requires to collect and process samples at more than twice the maximum operating frequency ◦ Maximum Operating Frequency can be in the range of GHz for RF ◦ Current ADCs have sampling frequencies in range of MHz ◦ A project aimed at improving the ADC performance by using digitally assisted analog (DAAC) loop is already underway at NIIT ◦ Not to be addressed for this project

16.  Programmable/Tunable Mixers, Filters and Amplifiers  Challenge is to make the RF Front End highly flexible  Not in the scope of this project RF Front End Courtesy:www.ieee-lanman.org/presentations/hessamian.pdf

17.  Very High Performance and Flexible Digital Processors  This falls in the domain of our project ◦ DSPs are not very flexible ◦ FPGAs are flexible but not very fast  General Purpose Processor is to be designed to cater for these needs