2. Reformation Europe (Late 16 c )

3. Counter Reformation Approach #1 The Inquisition – Spanish and Roman – Believed they were saving people’s souls – Burned at the stake and other torture techniques – Persecution of Jewish and Muslim converts – Those who confessed or were found guilty were pronounced together in a public ceremony at the end of all the processes. Penances might consist of a pilgrimage, a public scourging, a fine, or the wearing of a cross.Penances

4. Approach #2 Missionaries – Jesuits – Swear oaths of loyalty to the Pope – Loyola and The Spiritual Exercises – Missions in the New World

5. Approach #3 Council of Trent Would not reconcile with Protestants Curbed abuses with indulgences Set up new schools for clergy Confirmed the authority of the Pope Defined Church teachings in the areas of Scripture and Tradition, Original Sin, Justification, Sacraments, the Eucharist in Holy Mass and the veneration of saintsTradition

6. Approach #4 Index of Prohibited Books http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=j_S81oSR2 AA

7. The Baroque See Other power point

8. Tenets of the Roman Catholic Church Hierarchy

9. The RCC Transubstantiation Indulgences Worship of Saints Sources of authority: Bible and High Church Officials Purgatory Clerical celibacy Monasticism

10. The RCC 7 Sacraments – Baptism, – Confirmation, – Holy Communion, Confession, – Marriage, – Holy Orders, – and the Anointing of the Sick

11. Problems within the Church in the 16 th Century Role Plays Papal Behavior http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GfpRk9FOFeg Pope Alexander VI

12. What does this image reveal about the status of the RCC on the eve of the Reformation?

13. The Babylonian Captivity The Great Schism Jan Hus John Wyclif Summary of what they believed or were about Explain how they or it would have weakened the RCC before Martin Luther

14. Tetzel Staunch Catholic Sold Indulgences for the St. Peter’s Cathedral “A Coin in the Coffer Rings, a soul from Purgatory springs!” Grand Inquisitor Condemned for embezzlement Later found not guilty

15. Cards for Calvin and Zwingli Where are they from and where did they establish religious communities Beliefs about salvation Beliefs about the sacrament Beliefs about the ideal society Beliefs about the separation of church and state Other….

16. Cards for Calvin and Zwingli Years living Ideas about salvation 3 additional ideas about religion (beliefs) Where they established their model religious communities

17. Knox Scottish Reformer Presbyterian Church Called for the death of Mary, Queen of Scotland Influenced by John Calvin "None have I corrupted, none have I defrauded; merchandise have I not made.“

18. Anabaptists No infant baptism Women could hold church offices Mistreated Model or utopian communities Tolerant of other religions

19. http://www.henryviiiandt hetudors.co.uk/quiz.htm http://www.henryviiiandt hetudors.co.uk/quiz.htm What do the clothes suggest about this person’s social status? What does the artist want you to think of this person? What characteristics or personality traits might this person possess?

20. The Tudors Family Tree – How long did the family reign? – How many female rulers were there in the Tudor dynasty? – How many wives did Henry VIII have? – Identify two additional things that the timeline teaches you.

21. New Inventions in Tudor times Tennis Sugar Carpet First shopping mall First flushing toilet Upholstered furniture

22. Life in Tudor England The average person drank 8 pints of “weak beer” per day (even children). 9 out of 10 people died before age 40. Bathing was considered unhealthy. People wanted their teeth to rot to prove that they could afford sugar. Girls could marry at age 12 and boys 14; they had to live with their parents until age 16 though.

23. Henry VIII "His Majesty is the handsomest potentate I ever set eyes on; above the usual height, with an extremely fine calf to his leg, his complexion fair and bright, with auburn hair, combed straight and short in the French fashion, and a round face so very beautiful that it would become a pretty woman, his throat was rather long and thick"

24. The wives http://www.henryviiiandthetudors.co.uk/wive s.htm (info and children) http://www.henryviiiandthetudors.co.uk/wive s.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- fadCAHjN-s http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- fadCAHjN-s

25. Charles V 1500-1558 He ruled over extensive domains in Central, Western, and Southern Europe; and the Spanish colonies in the Americas and Asia Spanish colonies Raised in the Netherlands Charles was born and raised in the Netherlands, but spent most of his time as a monarch in Spain, leaving his German provinces to be governed by Hapsburg cousins "Plus Ultra", "Even Further" Staunch Catholic 40 Year Reign

26. Charles V Age of Exploration and colonies Reformation Ottoman Turks encroaching on Southeastern Europe Most significant enemies, from his point of view, were Catholic France and the Moslem Turks.

27. Charles V Why would he allow limited Protestant practice in the Holy Roman Empire? Why would the spread of Protestantism be a threat to him politically? Imperial army sacked Rome in 1527 and drove the Pope into exile because he allied himself with Charles' enemy Francis I.

28. Charles V Reinstated power of the nobles in Spain Wealthy Spain during his reign…but the beginning of the end (gold and silver from the New World to fight his wars)

29. Charles V Retired to a monastery in 1556 Died in 1558

30. German Peasants’ War DBQ On the back of the Venn Causes and Reactions (cite the documents) Each team member should site bias that he or she sees in a document

31. Martin Luther The man, the myth, the legend! http://video.pbs.org/video/1379563195/ – 5 things learned every 10 minutes

32. Worldliness Worldliness – luxurious and materialistic lifestyles of popes and high clergy Nepotism Nepotism – appointing relatives to Church positions to the Church regardless of ability Simony Simony – buying and selling of Church positions Indulgences Indulgences – accepting $ for Church pardons

33. Clerical pluralism Clerical pluralism – holding more than one office Clerical ignorance Clerical ignorance – many priests were illiterate Clerical immorality Clerical immorality – gambling, drinking, concubines of women POPE ALEXANDER VI (1492-1503)

34. Babylonian Captivity Babylonian Captivity (1309-1377) – Popes lived in Avignon under French Kings Great Schism Great Schism (1378-1417) – struggle for Church Supremacy – rival popes Avignon and Rome claim to be the true Pope (3 Popes??? Authority???) Conciliar Movement Conciliar Movement – periodic councils, assemblies to reform the Church

36. 1414- 1418 Three objectives END SCHISM WIPE OF HERESY ELECT A NEW POPE MARTIN V (1417-1431)

38. Middle Ages (500-1500) – civilizing agent Missionaries – converted the pagan population Hospitals – care for the sick Cathedrals and Monasteries – centers for learning Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne 800 C.E. – foundations of the HRE Papal States – Pepin the Short (714?-68) granted land to the Pope

39. “The HRE was neither Holy, nor Roman, nor an Empire” HRE – “The HRE was neither Holy, nor Roman, nor an Empire” – Voltaire Originally Charlemagne “Emperor of the Romans” Loose confederation of 300+ States Holy Roman Emperor elected by 7 Elector States Hapsburg Family – Austria – Powerful (1440-1806)

40. Investiture Controversy Investiture Controversy – power struggle kings and popes during the Middle Ages 1075 Pope Gregory VII – only the Pope could name Bishops German King Henry IV challenged the decree claiming Kings had the right to name Bishops King Henry IV excommunicated – eventually back down

41. John Wycliffe John Wycliffe (1328?- 1384) – English Priest Condemned the wealth and worldliness of the RCC Bible highest religious authority Translated the Bible into English Denounced by the Pope – followers Lollards harshly persecuted

42. Martin Luther Great Man? OR Man of His Times?

43. Social Political Religious Intellectual Technology Economic

44. Reformo Reformo – latin “to form again, mold anew, or revive” “Scripture alone” “Scripture alone” – Bible sole authority, salvation cannot be bought and sold “Faith alone” “Faith alone” – Salvation through God’s grace not good works “Christ alone” “Christ alone” – No other mediator b/w God and humanity, rejects the hierarchy of the RCC “Glory of God alone” “Glory of God alone” – vocation Bible translated into Vernacular (Luther’s German Bible)

45. End of a united Christendom Brutal, bloody wars of religion, religious persecution Religious, Social, Political conflicts intermingled Emphasis on education – establishment of modern languages (German, English) not Latin Confiscation of Church lands increased power for rulers New emphasis place on family and marriage

46. Counter Reformation – RCC reaffirmation of traditional Catholic theology Growth of Capitalism – material success a sign of Grace, moral discipline, and individualism Italy, Spain, Austria, Hungary, Poland, S. Germany (Catholic) N. Germany, Baltic region (Lutheran) Scotland, Switzerland, Holland (Calvinist) England (Anglican)

50. DID LUTHER SAVE OR DESTROY THE RCC?