1. Let’s Get Motivated for 2011! Ch. 10 p. 413-439 Music: Motivation Sum 41 Satisfaction Rolling Stones

2. Motivation: Agenda 1. Motivation a) Definition b) Maslow’s Model 2. Social Motives a) Need for Achievement b) Need for Affiliation c) Need for Intimacy d) Need for Power e) Feeling your best 3. Biological Motives a) Hunger and eating 4. Sexual motivation a) Evolution and mating priorities b) Sexual orientation c) Prevalence of homosexuality d) Theories of homosexuality 5. Eating Disorders, presented by Leah Shapira

3. 1. a) Definition of Motivation  What do you want; what do you need?  What’s really important to you?  “Motives are the needs, wants, interests, and desires that propel people in certain directions.  Motivation involves goal-directed behaviour” (p. 414)

4. 1.Model of Motivation Input:Motivation:Behaviour: Lack of food Hormones (physiological) food, sexGo-out to restaurant, visit partner Isolationsocial contactCall friend Need for success good gradesStudy hard Fear of failuregood gradesStudy hard

5. 1.b) Maslow’s Model

6. 2. Maslow (cont’d): Criticisms: Do lower needs have to be fulfilled for higher-order needs to operate? Is the order universal? Or are there individual differences? What about needs for autonomy? What about power and aggression? What about altruism, and the need to help others?

7. 2. Social Motives a) Need for Achievement: Wanting to accomplish goals; desire to excel Wanting to succeed and trying hard b) Need for Affiliation Wanting to be with others Wanting to be accepted by others; winning friends c) Intimacy: Wanting good interpersonal relations Wanting warm, close exchange with significant other d) Need for Power: Wanting to influence or control others Wanting to have an impact

8. 2. d) Feeling your best: Being engaged in activities where you feel: Independent and in control (autonomy) Competent & worthy Connected: e.g. in contact with people who care about you Activities that meet needs for self-determination, self-worth, and connection From research published in JPSP, 2001.

9. 3. Biological Motives a) Hunger and eating: Controlled by hypothalamus (see Fig. 10.3, p. 395) Influenced by blood glucose, insulin and leptin Stomach also sends signals to brain based on distention of stomach wall, and richness of nutrients in stomach

10. 4. Sexual Motivation a) Evolution and Mating priorities (p.425-430) Parental investment theory: Sex with larger investment in offspring will be more discriminating in selecting a partner

11. 4.a) Evolution and Mating Gender disparities in mating preferences: Different pressures among women and men for reproductive success

12. 4. b) Sexual Orientation p. 432-435 According to theory and research, sexual orientation exists on a continuum:

13. 4.c) Prevalence p. 433

14. 4. d) Theories of Homosexuality Most promising model is biological: Level of prenatal hormones are involved in the organization of the brain and in determining sexual orientation. Levels different in the case of homosexuals propensity towards homosexuality would therefore be determined before birth by maternal biological factors This evidence makes discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation untenable.

15. 5. Eating Disorders: Presented by Leah Beth Shapira Leah will explain how to recognize eating disorders, and how those who suffer from these often fatal illnesses can find professional help.