1. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill PowerPoint to accompany Essentials of Medical Language 2e Allan, Lockyer Chapter 4: The Skeletal System The Essentials of the Language of Orthopedics

2. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill The Skeletal System Lesson 4.1: Bones of the Skeletal System 4-2

3. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Skeletal System Health professionals treating musculoskeletal problems: – orthopedic surgeons – osteopathic physicians – chiropractors – physical therapists and assistants – orthopedic technologists and technicians 4-3

4. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Skeletal System Components of the skeletal system: –bones –cartilage –tendons –ligaments Functions 4-4

5. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Word Analysis and Definition Identify and define the suffixes of the following terms: – chiropractic – chiropractor – detoxification – musculoskeletal – orthopedist – osteopathy 4-5

6. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Word Analysis and Definition Define the following words from Latin: –cartilage –ligament –muscle –tendon Define these abbreviations: – MD – DO 4-6

7. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Skeletal System Structure of bones –classification of bones 4-7

8. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Word Analysis and Definition Give adjective forms of the following terms: –cortex cortical –medulla medullary –periosteum periosteal 4-8

9. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Skeletal System Diseases of the bone © Dr. Michael Klein/Peter Arnold, Inc. 4-9

10. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Word Analysis and Definition Define these terms having a common root: –osteogenesis –osteomalacia –osteomyelitis –osteopenia –osteoporosis 4-10

11. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Word Analysis and Definition Identify and define the suffixes from the following terms: – achondroplasia – sarcoma 4-11

12. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Word Analysis and Definition Define the following abbreviations: – BMD – DEXA – FDA – IU 4-12

13. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Skeletal System Bone fractures – types of fractures – repairing fractures 4-13

14. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Word Analysis and Definition Describe the difference between a nonunion and malunion of a fracture. Define the following abbreviation: - Fx 4-14

15. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Describe the differences in the following fractures: – closed vs. open fracture – complete vs. incomplete – pathologic vs. compression Word Analysis and Definition 4-15

16. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Word Analysis and Definition Describe the similarities and differences in the following terms: – osteocyte – osteoblast – osteoclast – osteogenesis 4-16

17. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill The Skeletal System Lesson 4.2: Axial Skeleton 4-17

18. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Axial Skeleton Structure of axial skeleton – vertebral column 4-18

19. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Axial Skeleton Structure of axial skeleton – vertebral column 1. vertebrae 2. intervertebral discs 3. spinal cord 4-19

20. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Word Analysis and Definition Define the term and write the adjective form: – sacrum sacral – spine spinal – vertebrae vertebral 4-20

21. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-21 Word Analysis and Definition How are the following terms related? – kyphosis – lordosis – scoliosis

22. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Axial Skeleton The skull – cranial cavity 4-22

23. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Word Analysis and Definition Define the following words from Latin, Greek, or French origin. –cranium –mandible –maxilla –vomer –zygoma 4-23

24. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Word Analysis and Definition Identify and define the root from the following terms: – palatine – parietal – sphenoid – temporal – ethmoid 4-24

25. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-25 Word Analysis and Definition Define the following abbreviations: - C5 - C5-C6 - T12 - MRI - TMJ

26. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill The Skeletal System Lesson 4.3 The Bones and Joints of the Shoulder Girdle and Upper Limb 4-26

27. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-27 Appendicular Skeleton, Joints, and Bones Shoulder girdle and upper arm

28. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-28 Appendicular Skeleton Bones and Joints Shoulder girdle and upper arm – common disorders of the shoulder 1. shoulder separation 2. shoulder dislocation 3. shoulder subluxation

29. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-29 Word Analysis and Definition Identify and define the root elements for the following terms: – articulate – dislocation – pectoral – subluxation

30. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-30 Appendicular Skeleton Bones and Joints Upper arm and elbow joint – common disorders of the elbow 1. tennis elbow 2. ligament strains 3. bone fractures

31. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-31 Word Analysis and Definition Decompose the following terms into their elements: – biceps – brachialis – deltoid – ulnar – triceps brachii

32. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-32 Appendicular Skeleton, Joints, and Bones Wrist and hand – bones

33. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-33 Appendicular Skeleton, Joints, and Bones Wrist and hand – common disorders of the wrist 1. ganglion cyst 2. stenosing tenosynovitis 3. carpal tunnel syndrome 4. Colles fracture

34. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-34 Appendicular Skeleton, Joints, and Bones Wrist and hand – common disorders of the hand 1. osteoarthritis (OA) - Heberden nodes 2. rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

35. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-35 Word Analysis and Definition Define the following root elements: – arthr – carp – oste/o – ten/o – phalang/e

36. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-36 Word Analysis and Definition Define the following Latin terms: – dorsum back – thenar palm – phalanx bone of finger or toe

37. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-37 Word Analysis and Definition Identify the meaning of the following Greek terms: – cyst – ganglion – stenosis

38. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-38 Word Analysis and Definition Define the following abbreviations: – CTS – OA – RA

39. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-39 The Appendicular Skeleton Lesson 4.4 Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

40. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-40 Appendicular Skeleton, Joints, and Bones Pelvic girdle – structure – functions 1. Supports the axial skeleton. 2. Transmits the upper body’s weight through to the lower limbs. 3. Provides attachments for the lower limbs. 4. Protects internal organs.

41. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-41 Appendicular Skeleton, Joints, and Bones Pelvic girdle – disorders of the pelvic girdle 1. sacroiliac joint strain 2. diastasis symphysis pubis

42. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-42 Word Analysis and Definition Define the term and write it in the adjective form: – femur femoral – pelvis pelvic – pubis pubic

43. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-43 Word Analysis and Definition Define the term and write it in the adjective form: – ischium ischial – sacrum sacral

44. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-44 Appendicular Skeleton, Joints, and Bones Bones, joints, and muscles of the hip and thigh – disorders and injuries of the hip joint 1. hip pointer 2. osteoarthritis 3. rheumatoid arthritis 4. avascular necrosis 5. fractures

45. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-45 Appendicular Skeleton, Joints, and Bones The knee joint – bones 1. femur 2. tibia 3. patella 4. fibula

46. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-46 Appendicular Skeleton, Joints, and Bones Bones and joints of the thigh and knee joint – Femur lower end - Tibia flat upper end - Patella (knee cap) - fibula articulates with tibia

47. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-47 Word Analysis and Definition Put the terms in correct anatomical order from head to toe: – tibia – femur – pubis – fibula – patella

48. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-48 Word Analysis and Definition Define the term and write it in the plural form: – meniscus menisci – patella patellae

49. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-49 Appendicular Skeleton, Joints, The knee joint – surgical procedures of the knee - arthrocentesis - arthroscopy -total knee replacement © Charles McRae, M.D./Visuals Unlimited

50. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-50 Word Analysis and Definition Identify and define the root and suffix of the following terms: – arthrocentesis – arthrodesis – arthrography – arthroplasty – arthroscopy

51. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-51 Appendicular Skeleton. Lower Limb Bones and joints of the lower leg, ankle, and foot – disorders of the ankle and foot 1. bunions 2. strains and sprains 3. Pott fracture

52. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-52 Appendicular Skeleton, Joints, and Bones Bones, joints, and ligaments of the lower leg, ankle, and foot – disorders of the ankle and foot 4. Achilles tendonitis 5. plantar fasciitis 6. clubfoot

53. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill 4-53 Word Analysis and Definition Give the common name of the following medical terms: – calcaneus – talus - tarsus – metatarsus - phalanges