1. 1 Reproductive System Unit 46 Adonis K. Lomibao, R.N. 12/01/11

2. 2 Structure & Function Produce reproductive cells. -Male=sperm Female=ovum. Produces hormones responsible for sex characteristics. -Male= testosterone Female= estrogen & progesterone.

3. 3 The Reproductive Process Male & female engage in sexual intercourse Male propels sperm and seminal fluid in which they swim into the vagina. Sperm & egg meet in fallopian tube. Sperm penetrates egg & conception takes place. Fetus develops in the uterus Female breasts produce milk for nourishment.

4. 4 The Male Reproductive Organs Testes: produce sperm and testosterone. Epididymis: stores sperm & allows to mature Vas Deferens:carries sperm to seminal vesicles during ejaculation. Seminal vesicles:receive & store sperm from vas deferens

5. 5 Male organs cont. Ejaculatory duct: carries fluid produced in seminal vesicles. Prostate Gland:secretes fluid that increases ability of sperm to move in the seminal fluid. Cowper's glands: produce mucous for lubrication. Penis: composed of tissue that can be filled with blood.

6. 6 Male System

7. 7 The Female Reproductive Organs Vulva: made of labia majora & minora Clitoris:functions to begin the rhythmic series of contractions associated with climax. Urinary meatus: opening to the urethra Vaginal meatus: The opening to the vagina or birth canal.

8. 8 The Internal Female Structures Ovaries: glands that produce estrogen and progesterone, and the egg. Egg releases=ovulation. Fallopian tubes: pathway between ovary and uterus. Where sperm & egg meet. Fertilization! Uterus: made of fundus, body, & cervix. Lined with special tissue called endometrium. Vagina:between bladder & rectum. Streches. Lined with mucous membrane.

9. 9 The Female System

10. 10 Menstruation & Ovulation Menstrual cycle begins at puberty. (9-17) Cycle usually between 25 & 30 days. A mature egg is released from ovary, travels to fallopian tubes, may be fertilized by sperm. Menstruation- flow to carry out endometrium when fertilization doesn't occur. Menopause- When the last ova are released & cycle ceases.

11. 11 Conditions of Male Organs Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy- enlargement of the prostate gland without tumor development. -Narrows urethra -Can cause urinary retention -non-cancerous

12. 12 Prostate Cancer 2 nd leading cause of cancer deaths for males S&S Include difficulty voiding or starting stream,frequency, urgency,retention,UTI, (p.825) Screening: Prostate Specific Antigen in blood test. Grows very slowly

13. 13 Enlarged Prostate

14. 14 Treatment Prostatectomy Transurethral prostatectomy- some of gland is removed, working from inside. Perineal prostatectomy-entire gland is removed through surgical incisions in perenium. Suprapubic prostatectomy Brachytherapy: type of radiation therapy where seeds or pellets are implanted.

15. 15 Cancer of the Testes Orchiectomy-removal of the testes. When malignant, removal is necessary. When early diagnosis made, early treatment can avoid removal.

16. 16 Conditions of the Female Organs Rectocele-weakening of wall between vagina and rectum. Cause constipation and hemmorrhoids. Cystocele- weakening of the muscles between bladder & vagina. Treatment-Colporrhaphy- tightens the vaginal walls.

17. 17 Vulvovaginitis Most often caused by fungal infection of Candida albicans. Thick, white vaginal discharge,inflammation, itching, Special drugs and creams given..NOT douches..

18. 18 Tumors of Uterus & Ovaries Indications are changes in menstrual flow -Menorrhagia-excessive flow. -Amenorrhea-lack of flow. -Dysmenorrhea-difficult or painful menstrual flow. -Metrorrhagia- bleeding at completely irregular intervals.

19. 19 Tumors of U & O Cont. Ovarian cancer dangerous due to lack of S&S until it is advanced and metastasized. Strong familial link, common if over 50yo,risk if never had children, or taking fertility drugs. Women taking birth control has lower risk. S&S Ovarian cancer: abdominal pain, bloating, Nausea, frequent urination,abn. Bleeding, etc. (p827).

20. 20 Treatment of Tumors May include: chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Surgery: -Hysterectomy-removal of uterus & cervix. -Oophorectomy- removal of ovary. -Salpingectomy-removal of a fallopian tube. -Panhysterectomy- removal of uterus, both ovaries, and tubes.