1. .NET and Java
By Mike Elges

2. Objectives History of programming Application platform .NET structure
Building blocks of .NET
Summary

3. History of Programming (I)
Win32/C programming
Using C language with windows API
Disadvantages:
Not a OO language
Pointer operation
Manual memory management

4. History of Programming (II)
C++/MFC programming
Object Oriented layer on the top of C
Microsoft Foundation Classes provide the developer with a set of existing C++ classes facilitate the construction of windows applications
Disadvantages:
Remains some difficulties given its historical roots in C

5. History of Programming (III)
Visual Basic 6
VB6 is popular due to it ability to build complex user interface, code libraries, data access logic
Disadvantages:
Object-aware instead of Object-Oriented language
No intrinsic support for building multi-threaded applications

6. History of Programming (IV)
Java
Platform independent
Java as a platform provides programmers with a large number of predefined “packages that contains various classes and interfaces
Disadvantages:
little language – independence
Long execution time for graphic intensive product

7. History of Programming (V)
COM programming
“if you build your classes in accordance with the rules of COM, you end up with a block of reusable binary code”
Language independent
Location transparent
Disadvantages:
No classical inheritance (can not derive a new COM type using an existing COM type)
Complexity of COM

8. History of Programming (VI)
Windows DNA programming
Distributed iNternet Architecture
Requires many technologies and languages (ASP, HTML, XML, JavaScript, VBScript, COM+, ADO)
Disadvantages:
Many items are completely unrelated, for example, Javascript has a syntax like C, VBScript is a subset of VB
Highly confused mishmash of technologies

9. Application Platforms: Some History
1996
1998
2002
Microsoft
Windows DNA
MTS (COM+)
ASP
ADO
.NET Framework
CLR
C#, VB.NET
Enterprise Services,
ASP.NET, ADO.NET
Web services
Java
Java
Java VM
Java language
J2SE
J2EE
EJB
JSP
JDBC

10. Objectives History of programming Application platform .NET structure
Building blocks of .NET
Summary

11. Application Platforms Today
Browser
Apps
Web Services
Apps
Local
Apps
Other
Apps
Standard Library
GUI Services
Transaction Services
Web Scripting
Data Access
More
Runtime Environment
Operating System

12. The Competition: The Java Environment
Browser
Apps
Web Services
Apps
Local
Apps
Other
Apps
Standard Java Packages
Swing
Enterprise JavaBeans
JavaServer Pages
JDBC
More
Java Virtual Machine (VM)
Windows, Solaris, Linux, others

13. .NET Framework Class Library Common Language Runtime
The .NET Framework
Browser
Apps
Web Services
Apps
Local
Apps
Other
Apps
.NET Framework Class Library
Windows Forms
Enterprise Services
ASP.NET
ADO.NET
More
Common Language Runtime
Windows

14. J2EE vs. .NET

15. Developer .NET Overview
Introductions
.NET Developer Overview
.NET Runtime Environment
.NET Framework
.NET Deployment
.NET Security
.NET Languages
.NET Applications
Web Forms
Web Services
Windows Forms

16. Experiences & Solutions
Microsoft .NET
Web services support across the Microsoft platform
Tools
Clients
Services
Servers
Experiences & Solutions

17. 5 Key Points to Remember…
Developers can use any .NET Language
The .NET Framework provides a foundation of classes for developers to build a wide variety of applications
Source code is compiled to MSIL within an Assembly
Assembles contain rich meta data and are the primary units of deployment
MSIL is compiled to native code and executed by the Common Language Runtime

18. A Unified Programming Model
.NET Framework
Consistent API availability regardless of
language and programming model
VB Object Model
RAD,
Composition and
Delegation
MFC/ATL
Subclassing,
Power and
Expressiveness
ASP
Stateless,
code embedded
in HTML pages
Windows API

19. Visual Studio .NET and the .NET Framework
Common Language Specification VB
C++ C# J# …
Visual Studio .NET
Base Class Library
ADO .NET and XML
ASP .NET
Web Forms Web Services
Mobile Internet Toolkit
Windows
Forms
Common Language Runtime
Windows Operating System

20. Common Language Runtime
Manages running code
Threading, Memory management
Eliminates memory management drudgery
Kills entire classes of bugs (e.g., memory corruption, ref counting)
Auto-versioning, no more DLL Hell
Scalability, performance, reliability all improve
Fine-grained evidence-based security
Code access + Role-based
Integrated with underlying OS
Security model ensures safety
No-touch deployment
XCOPY, no registry required
Object remoting with SOAP

21. Base Class Library Support
CLR: Internals
Base Class Library Support
Thread Support
COM Marshaler
Type Checker
Exception Manager
Security Engine
Debug Engine
IL to Native
Compilers
Code
Manager
Garbage
Collector
Class Loader

22. Framework Classes Spans all programming languages
Enables cross language inheritance and debugging
Integrates well with tools
Object-oriented and consistent
Increases developer productivity by reducing the number of APIs to learn
Common type system built-in
Extensible
Makes it easy to add or modify framework features
Secure
Allows creation of secure applications

23. .Net Framework Classes Unified and Comprehensive API
System & Runtime Functions
Windows & Web Development
Web Services
Data Access & XML Services
Networking & IO
Enterprise Services (COM+ & MSMQ)
Directory & Security Services
Diagnostics, Perf-Mon, Debug
And many more…

24. .Net Framework Classes System System.Data (ADO .NET) System.XML
System.Web (ASP .NET)
Globalization
Diagnostics
Configuration
Collections
Resources
Reflection
Net IO
Threading
Text
ServiceProcess
Security
Design
ADO
SQLTypes
SQL
XPath
XSLT
Runtime
InteropServices
Remoting
Serialization
SessionState
Caching
Services
Description
Discovery
Protocols UI
HTMLControls
WebControls
System.Drawing
Imaging
Drawing2D
Printing
System.WinForms
ComponentModel

25. Referencing the Framework

26. .Net Assemblies Compilation
csc.exe or vbc.exe
Compiler
Assembly
DLL or EXE
Source Code
C++, C#, VB or any .NET language

27. .Net Execution Model Common Language Runtime
Source code VB C#
C++
Compiler
Compiler
Compiler
Assembly
IL Code
Managed
code
Common Language Runtime
JIT Compiler
Native Code
Operating System Services

28. .NET Security Role-based Security Code Access Security
What the user is allowed to do within the application
.NET Roles = Windows Active Directory® groups
Code Access Security
What the code is allowed to do on this machine
Evidence Based (Policies, Permissions, Evidence)
Cryptography Built In to .NET FX

29. Visual Basic .NET
Evolution, not revolution, of language used by developers worldwide
Builds on existing technology while adding power
True OOP
Multithreading
NT Services
Web Services
The fastest way to build scalable applications for industry

30. Visual C# .NET Component Oriented Language
C# is the first “component oriented” language in the C/C++ family
Component concepts are first class:
Properties, methods, events
Design-time and run-time attributes
Integrated documentation using XML
Enables one-stop programming
No header files, IDL, etc.
C++ heritage – simplification with no unnecessary sacrifices

31. Visual J# .NET Native support for XML Web services
Fully integrated with Visual Studio .NET development environment
Full access to the .NET Framework
ASP.NET, ADO.NET, Windows Forms
Integration with >20 other languages
Protection of existing investments
Use java language syntax on .NET
Move applications and skills forward

32. Visual C++ .NET Continue to provide most powerful and flexible language
Better ANSI/ISO conformance
Enable seamless, incremental use of .NET Framework
Enhanced ATL Servers
Improved ATL and MFC Clients
Enhanced STL

33. .NET Applications Web Form – Next Generation ASP Page
Win Form – Next Generation Win32 App
Web Services – Key to Interoperability
Others –
Server Objects
Console Applications
Window Services
Mobile Clients
Many more…

34. ASP.NET
Server-side Web Forms and Web Services components separate code from content
Developer productivity increases
Tools easily use ASP.NET
Any programming language: full VB, JScript, C++, COBOL, Perl, etc.
40% to 70% reduction in lines of code
Compiled
No-touch deployment system
Intelligent state management
Backwards compatible with ASP
Controls sense client and adapt output: HTML, DHTML, WML

35. What Is an XML Web Service?
A Component That Uses XML & HTTP To Define and Deliver A Service
Global reach
Based on open set of standards
Reuse across platforms
Works with any operating system, programming language, or network
Expose legacy code
Different systems can actually talk

36. Web Services Open Standards & Protocols
XML
Universal data format
Standards-based integration
User-customizable
HTTP
Ubiquitous protocol
Universally understood

37. Summarizing the Technologies (1)
.NET
Java
Application Server
.NET Framework
IBM WebSphere, BEA WebLogic, others
Runtime Environment
Common Language Runtime (CLR)
Java Virtual Machine (VM)
Standard Libraries
.NET Framework class library
J2SE, J2EE
GUIs
Windows Forms
Swing
Transactions
Enterprise Services
EJB

38. Summarizing the Technologies (2)
.NET
Java
Web Scripting
ASP.NET
JSPs
Data Access
ADO.NET
JDBC
Small Device Platform
.NET Compact Framework
J2ME
Development Tools
Visual Studio.NET
WSAD, Borland JBuilder, others
Web Services Support
ASP.NET, .NET My Services, others
WSAD, ECLIPSE, more planned

39. Summarizing the Non-Technical Issues
.NET
Java
Vendor Issues:
Locked into Microsoft
Locked into IBM or BEA
Microsoft isn’t a traditional enterprise vendor
IBM and BEA have longer enterprise histories
Trust
New, but builds on Windows DNA
Older than .NET, but younger than Windows DNA
Installed Base
Operating System Support
Windows
Windows, Unix, others
Low
Usually medium to high but getting cheaper
Cost

40. Conclusions The development world has bifurcated
Microsoft .NET
The Java environment
Both have similar architectures
Both will survive
Which is a good thing
.NET will dominate in the Windows environment