1. Prof Colin Power AM University of Queensland Director, Eidos Institute, Brisbane ex Deputy Director-General & ADG/Ed, UNESCO, Paris email: c.power@eidos.org.au University of Auckland. 11 TH October, 2011 EFA and MDGs: Assessing Progress

2. Education for All (EFA) Context: 1948 Declaration of Human Rights – “everyone has the right to education” 1990 >100m children no access, 100ms more fail to complete basic ed; 960m adults illiterate, mil. more functional illiterate UN declares 1990 International Literacy Year - UNESCO key UNESCO, UNICEF, UNDP & WB forge EFA alliance  World Conference on EFA

3. World Declaration on EFA Every person –child, youth, adult – shall be able to benefit from ed opportunities designed to meet their basic learning needs What is needed in an “expanded vision” that surpasses present resource levels, structures & programs. delivery systems Universalize access & promote equity Focus on learning - useful knowledge, reasoning ability, skills, values Enhance environment for learning – nutrition, health care, general support Strengthen partnerships – national, regional, local at all levels & stakeholders Mobilize resources Strengthen international solidarity

4. EFA Targets & action Expand Early childhood esp. poor, disadvantaged, disabled Universal access & completion primary by 2000, then Dakar by 2015 Improved learning so agreed % of cohort (e.g, 80% 14ys olds) attain defined level of basic achievement Reduce adult illiteracy by half its 1990 rate by 2000 Expand basic ed & training for youth & adults for essential skills & assess effectiveness in terms of impact on health, employment, productivity Programs for individuals & families required for better living, sustainable development thru mass media, IT

5. Background to MDGs UN Millennium Summit, New York 2000 MDGs agreed by 189 nations Reaffirmed 2008 8 MDGs = 18 targets, 45 ind. Key MDG: halve extreme poverty by 2015 MDGs origins - 1948 Declaration, UN conferences Millennium Development Project  Poverty Reduction Strategies

6. Millennium Development Goals 1.Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2.Achieve Universal Primary Education 3.Promote Gender Equity & empower women 4.Reduce child mortality

7. Millennium Development Goals for 2015 (ctd) 5.Improve maternal health 6.Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria & other diseases 7.Environmental sustainability 8.Develop a global partnership for development

8. Progress Made Towards MDGs 1.Halve poverty 2.Achieve UPE 3.Gender equity 3.Reduce child mortality 1.8 b, 1990  1.4b, 2005 Rate in sub-Sahara 58% NER 83%, 2000  88%, ’07; by 2015, 29m out- of-school Progress –except if high poverty, conflict, AIDS Deaths <5 below 10m Half in sub-Saharan Africa

9. Progress Towards MDGs (ctd) 5. Improve maternal health ie. < mat.mortality >500,000 women die p.a. 86% Sub-Sahara & S.Asia 6. Combat HIV/AIDS Malaria & other diseases HIV 3m 2001; 2.7m in 07 Living w HIV 29.6m  33 7. Environmental sustainability (CO2 emissions) Increased by 30% from 1990 to 2005; 12 metric tons developed, 0.8 Africa 8. Global partnership for development ODA $197b 2005, $194b 2007. Increase needed unlikely given recession

10. Issues in Assessing MDGs Understanding poverty Political will, affordability & economic context National interest vs common good Quality and equity Strong partnerships & co- ordinated effort Role of civil society & NGOs Setting goals, targets & indicators

11. Understanding Poverty: What it means depends on the context Understanding Poverty: What it means depends on the context

12. UNDERSTANDING POVERTY What it means depends on context Definitions: income  deprivation  vulnerability  capabilities  HDIs  Poverty trap + demographic trap Strategies: analytical deliberation  comprehensive development programs Empowering girls and women as the key

13. POLITICAL WILL, AFFORDABILITY Poor cannot afford to meet basic needs Need better governance etc +++ partnerships UN targets: 0.7% GNI for ODA, >6% for ed Poor nations forced to accept structural adjust. Billions for war, but not for MDGs or ODA

14. National Interest vs Common Good Ethics: do unto others “Shadow play” Poor nations pretend to reform; rich to help Political realists: national interest + spin Shift  broader, long- term view needed

15. Quality and Equality Quality and equality inseparable MDG-UPE Progress depends on quality of programs provided Inequality impedes economic growth Inequality is dysfunctional & corrosive

16. Partnerships, co-ordinated effort, civil society and NGOs Partnerships & co-ordination vital (EFA story) Ownership of MDGs Alignment w. national priorities + capacity building Harmonization –donors, govt, NGOs Sector-wide approach Respect poor Continuity of engagement Civil society- people power + NGO expertise vital

17. Setting goals, targets & indicators Setting goals, targets, priorities is a political process Valuable –needed to tackle global issues But – MDGs Unachievable if no change Limited framework e.g human rights, poverty, EFA Limited input from the poor May miss root causes Indicators are indicators, proxies for MDGs Stats used not valid, reliable, comparable Data collection a nightmare in LDCs “Research” not always independent Follow up research needed to understand what is happening

18. CONCLUSION Despite limitations, progress towards MDGs, though patchy Comparative & international ed res has an important role to play Need deeper understanding from comparative analyses, roles played by international stakeholders Analyse trends, become “radar systems,” the voice of the poor & marginalised Help build technical capacity & provide policy advice on basis of evidence