1. Should we control a chemical that: u Causes excessive sweating and vomiting. u Is a major component in acid rain. u Can cause severe burns in its gaseous state.

2. u Accidental inhalation can kill you. u Contributes to erosion. u Decreases the effectiveness of car brakes. u Has been found in tumors of terminal cancer patients.

3. What is the chemical?

4. Chapter 3 Water and the Fitness of the Environment

5. Question? What molecule Is the most common In living Cells

6. The Water Planet

7. Properties Of Water u Be ready and able to discuss several of the following properties. u Focus on definitions and examples. u Review water structure and H-bonds from Chapter 2.

8. Liquid Water Is Cohesive

9. Liquid Water is Adhesive

10. Water transport in trees uses Cohesion and Adhesion

11. Water Has A High Surface Tension

12. Water Has A High Specific Heat

13. Heat

14. Temperature

15. Celsius Scale u Will be used for most of our temperature measurements.

16. Water Stabilizes Temperature

17. Water Has A High Heat Of Vaporization

18. Evaporative Cooling

19. Result:

20. Water Expands When It Freezes

22. Solids and Liquids WaterBenzene Floats Sinks

23. Solid LiquidGas States of Matter

24. Result u Aquatic life can live under ice.

25. Water Is A Versatile Solvent

26. Solution

27. Solvent

28. Solute

29. Hydrophilic Materials

32. Hydrophobic

33. Without Water Life Would Not Be Possible!!

34. Solution Concentration u Usually based on Molarity.

35. Moles

36. One Mole of each Sulfur Sugar Copper Sulfate Mercury Oxide Copper Sodium Chloride

37. Comment u AP Biology students should be able to calculate solutions in Molarity.

38. Dissociation of Water u Water can sometimes split into two ions. u In pure water the concentration of each ion is 10 -7 M

39. u Adding certain solutes disrupts the balance between the two ions. u The two ions are very reactive and can drastically affect a cell.

40. Acids

41. Acid Rain

43. Bases

44. Neutrals

45. pH Scale

47. Example: For a neutral solution: [H + ] is 10 -7 or - log 10 -7 or - (-7) or 7

49. Comment u [H + ] + [OH - ] = 14 u Therefore, if you know the concentration of one ion, you can easily calculate the other.

50. Buffers

51. Summary u Be able to discuss the properties of water. u Be able to measure solution concentrations in Molarity. u Be able to work pH scale questions.