1. Data Administration & Database Administration

2. Learning outcomes At the end of this lecture, you should be able to:
Define terms related to data & database administration
List several major functions of data/database administration
Describe the changing roles of the data and database administrator in the current business environment

3. Traditional Administration Definitions
Data Administration: A high-level function that is responsible for the overall management of data resources in an organization, including maintaining corporate-wide definitions and standards
Database Administration: A technical function that is responsible for physical database design and for dealing with technical issues such as security enforcement, database performance, and backup and recovery

4. Traditional Data Administration Functions
Data policies, procedures, standards
Planning
Data conflict (ownership) resolution
Managing the information repository
Internal marketing of DA concepts

5. Traditional Data Administration Functions
Data policies, procedures, standards
Data Policies: statements that make explicit the goals of DA
Every user must have a valid password
Data procedure: written outlines of actions to be taken to perform certain activity
Data Standard: explicit conventions and behaviors that are to be followed and that can be used to help evaluate database quality
Minimum characters for password: 8

6. Traditional Data Administration Functions
Planning
Provide leadership in developing the organization’s Information Architecture (IA)
Requires both an understanding the needs of the organization for data and information and the ability to lead the development of an information architecture

7. Traditional Data Administration Functions
Data conflict (ownership) resolution
Who owns the data?
DA: suitable person because DA is not associated with a certain department
Procedures must be established

8. Traditional Data Administration Functions
Managing the information repository
Repositories contain metadata  describe an organization’s data and data processing resources
Replacing Data Dictionaries
Serves as an essential source of information and functionality for:
Users: who must understand data definitions, business rules and relationships among data objects
CASE tools used to specify and develop IS
Applications that access and manipulate data
DBMS: maintain the repository and update system privileges, passwords, object definitions

9. Traditional Data Administration Functions
Internal marketing of DA concepts
The importance of procedures and policies
Effective internal marketing  reduce resistance to change and data ownership problems

10. Traditional Database Administration Functions
Analyzing and designing databases
Selection of DBMS and software tools
Installing/upgrading DBMS
Tuning database performance
Improving query processing performance
Managing data security, privacy, and integrity
Data backup and recovery

11. Traditional Database Administration Functions
Analyzing and designing databases
Prioritizing application transactions by volume, importance and complexity
Specifications should be reviewed as quickly as the transactions are developed
Selection of DBMS and software tools
Establish policies regarding the DBMS and related system software that will be supported within the organization

12. Traditional Database Administration Functions
Installing/upgrading DBMS
All the correct versions of different modules are in place, all the proper device drivers are present and the DBMS works correctly with any third party software products
User accounts must be created and maintained.
Tuning database performance
Performance of a database (query and update processing time as well as data storage utilization) needs to be monitored
Design of a database must be frequently changed to meet new requirements
Database  rebuilt, reorganized, and re-indexed: recover wasted space and to correct poor data allocation and fragmentation

13. Traditional Database Administration Functions
Improving query processing performance
Queries may need to be rewritten in a more efficient form
Index may need to be added or deleted
Data may need to be relocated to different devices
Managing data security, privacy, and integrity
Data backup and recovery

14. Functions of DA & DBA DA DATABASE PLANNING
Develop corporate database strategy/policies
Develop enterprise model (information architecture)
Develop cost/benefit models
Design database environment/select technologies
Develop and market data administration plan
DATABASE ANALYSIS
Define and model data requirements (conceptual)
Define and model business rules
Define operational requirements
Resolve requirements conflicts
Maintain corporate data dictionary/repository DA

15. Functions of DA & DBA DBA DA/DBA DBA DA/DBA DATABASE DESIGN
Perform logical database design
Design external model (sub schemas)
Design internal (physical) models
Design integrity controls
DATABASE IMPLEMENTATION
Specify database access policies
Establish security controls
Install DBMS
Supervise database loading
Specify test procedures
Develop application programming standards
Establish procedures for backup and recovery
Conduct user training
DBA
DA/DBA
DBA
DA/DBA

16. Functions of DA & DBA DBA DA/DBA OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE
Backup and recover databases
Upgrade DBMS
Monitor database performance
Tune and reorganize databases
Resolve access conflict
Tune and rewrite queries
Enforce standards and procedures
Support users
GROWTH AND CHANGE
Implement change-control procedure
Plan growth and change
Evaluate new technology
DBA
DA/DBA

17. Trends in Database Administration
Trends and new skills needed:
Increased used of procedural logic
Triggers, stored procedures
Ensure it is well planned, tested, implemented, shared and reused
Proliferation of e-business applications
Able to manage applications and database that are Internet enabled.
Increase use of Smart phones
How to design personal DB, how to manage data synchronization.

18. Data Warehouse Administration
New role, coming with the growth in data warehouses
Similar to DA/DBA roles
Emphasis on integration and coordination of metadata/data across many data sources
Specific roles:
Support DSS applications
Manage data warehouse growth
Establish service level agreements regarding data warehouses and data marts

19. Open Source DBMSs DEFINITION:
Free DBMS source code software that provides the core functionality of an SQL-compliant DBMS
An alternative to proprietary packages such as Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, or Microsoft Access
mySQL is an example of an open-source DBMS
Advantages:
Less expensive than proprietary packages
Source code available, for modification
Have different version (simple to complex, free to some cost(additional features)
No additional cost for copies or licensing

20. Open Source DBMSs Disadvantages: Absence of complete documentation
Ambiguous licensing concerns
Not as feature-rich as proprietary DBMSs
Vendors may not have certification programs

21. Open Source DBMSs
Consider these factors when choosing an open source DBMS:
Features
Support
Ease-of-use
Stability
Speed
Training
Licensing

22. END OF CHAPTER
Information in this slides were taken from Modern Database Management System, Tenth edition by Jeffrey A.Hoffer, V.Ramesh & Heikki Topi.