1. Database Management COP4540, SCS, FIU An Introduction to database system

2. Database Management COP4540, SCS, FIU Basic Definitions Data: Meaningful facts, text, graphics, images, sound, video segments. Database: An organized collection of logically related data. Information: Data processed to be useful in decision making. Metadata: Data that describes data.

3. Database Management COP4540, SCS, FIU What is a DataBase system? (DB) It is a logically coherent collection of data with inherent meaning. It represents a miniworld, and should represent the state of that world accurately. It is managed by a database management system (DBMS).

4. Database Management COP4540, SCS, FIU What is a DataBase Management System? (DBMS) A (large) piece of software which provides an interface between the user or application program and the stored data. A DBMS is developed according to a particular data model. Some example DBMSs are: – IMS, DB2, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, SQL Server, Access, FoxPro, O2.

5. Database Management COP4540, SCS, FIU The functionality of DBMS Manages very large amounts of data. Supports efficient access to very large amounts of data. Supports concurrent access to very large amounts of data. Supports secure, atomic access to very large amounts of data.

6. Database Management COP4540, SCS, FIU Several basic concepts Data models –A data model is a way of representing (part of) the world. –The principle current data model are: Hierarchical Network Relational Object-oriented E-R Semantic

7. Database Management COP4540, SCS, FIU Several basic concepts Database design –Design goals Minimize redundancy in order to eliminate the modification anomalies in database. Represent the situation accurately –Design Stages Conceptual (product independent) Logical (product specific) Physical / Implementation (product specific)

8. Database Management COP4540, SCS, FIU Database Development Activities The stages focused in COP4540

9. Database Management COP4540, SCS, FIU Conceptual Database Modeling Determine user requirements. Determine business rules. Build conceptual data model –outcome is an entity-relationship diagram or similar communication tool.

10. Database Management COP4540, SCS, FIU Logical Database Design Select logical database model. Map Entity-Relationship Diagrams Normalize data structures. Specify business rules.

11. Database Management COP4540, SCS, FIU Physical Database Design Select DBMS Select storage devices Determine access methods Design files and indexes Determine database distribution Specify update strategies

12. Database Management COP4540, SCS, FIU Several basic concepts Schema –Logical structure of the data defined by using data definition language (DDL). Queries –A “query” is a database lingo for a question about the data. –A “query” is composed by using query language (QL)

13. Database Management COP4540, SCS, FIU The architecture of database system Users / Programmers Application Programs / Queries Database Management System 1. Software to process queries/programs 2. Software to access stored data Stored data

14. Database Management COP4540, SCS, FIU Components of the Database Environment CASE Tools Repository Database Management System (DBMS) Database Application Programs User Interface Database Administrators (DBA) System Developers End Users

15. Database Management COP4540, SCS, FIU Evolution of Database Systems Hierarchical and Network (Legacy): Data are modeled as linked records. Relational: Data are modeled as related tables. Object-oriented: Data are organized as linked objects. –Object-relational: Integration of relational and object-oriented features.

16. Database Management COP4540, SCS, FIU RDBMS and SQL RDBMS is a DBMS on the basis of relational model. It is the most popular type of the DBMS. The data is organized as tables called relations Two famous systems: –System R at IBM & Ingres at UC Berkeley SQL (Structured Query Language) –the most important query language based on relational model.

17. Database Management COP4540, SCS, FIU RDBMS and SQL Accounts SELECTbalance FROMAccounts WHEREaccountNo = 67890 Result: 2846.92

18. Database Management COP4540, SCS, FIU Disadvantages of File Processing Systems Data Dependence Data Redundancy (Duplication of data) Limited Data Sharing Lengthy Development Times Excessive Program Maintenance

19. Database Management COP4540, SCS, FIU Advantages of Database Approach Program-Data Independence: No need to rewrite programs when data is modified Minimal Data Redundancy Improved Data Consistency Improved Data Sharing Increased Application Development Productivity.

20. Database Management COP4540, SCS, FIU Advantages of Database Approach Enforcement of Standards Improved Data Quality (Constraints) Better Data Accessibility/Responsiveness Reduced Program Maintenance Security, Backup/Recovery, Concurrency

21. Database Management COP4540, SCS, FIU Costs and Risks of the Database Approach New, Specialized Personnel Installation Management Cost and Complexity Conversion Costs Organizational Conflict