1. Database Administration
Chapter 16
Database Administration
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management, Fifth Edition, Rob and Coronel

2. In this chapter, you will:
Learn that data are a valuable business asset that requires careful management
Learn why and how the database plays a critical role in an organization
Learn that the introduction of a DBMS has important technological, managerial, and cultural organizational consequences
Learn what the database administrator's managerial and technical roles are
Be introduced to several database administration tools
Examine various database administration strategies
See how various database administration technical tasks are performed with Oracle
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

3. Data as a Corporate Asset
Raw material used to produce information
Valuable resource
Information
Timely and accurate data can trigger beneficial actions
Basis for knowledge
Used in decision making
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

4. Data-Information-Decision Cycle
Figure 16.1
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

5. Databases in an Organization
DBMS facilitates
Interpretation and presentation of data
Distribution of data and information
Data preservation and monitoring
Control over data duplication and use
Supports managerial decision making
Top
Middle
Operational
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

6. Introduction of Database
Big organizational change and challenge
Process with three primary aspects
Technological
Managerial
Cultural
Must focus on organizational needs
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

7. Evolution of Database Administration
Roots in decentralized file systems
Electronic Data Processing (EDP) or Data Processing (DP) Department
Information systems (IS) department
Figure 16.2
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

8. Evolution of Database Administration (Con’t.)
Database administration created to handle complex data management tasks
Database administrator (DBA) responsible for control of database
Factors affecting DBA placement in organization
Management style
Size and complexity of operations
Geographic distribution of facilities
General coordinator of all DBAs is systems administrator (SYSADM)
Data administrator (DA)
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

9. Placement of DBA Function
Figure 16.3
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

10. DBA Functional Organization
Figure 16.4
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

11. DA Versus DBA
Table 16.1
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

12. Summary of DBA Activities
Figure 16.6
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

13. DBA Skills
Table 16.2
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

14. DBA Activities and Services
Table 16.3
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

15. DBA Service: End-User Support
User requirements gathering
Conflict and problem resolution
Finding solutions to information needs
Ensuring quality and integrity of applications and data
Building end-user confidence
Managing the training and support of DBMS users
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

16. DBA Service: Policies, Procedures, & Standards
General statements of direction or action
Communicate and support DBA goals
Standards
More detailed and specific than policies
Describe minimum requirement of DBA activity
Procedures
Written instructions that describe steps for activity
Support and enhance work environment
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

17. DBA Service: Security, Privacy, & Integrity
Authorization management
User access management
View definition
DBMS utilities access control
DBMS usage monitoring
Security breaches
Preserved integrity
Data recovery may not be necessary
Corrupted integrity
Database must be recovered
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

18. DBA Service: Data Backup and Recovery
Database security officer (DSO)
Disaster management
Periodic data and applications backups
Proper backup identification
Convenient and safe backup storage
Physical protection
Personal access control
Insurance coverage for the data in the database
Data recovery and contingency plans must be tested and evaluated
Backup and recovery may not cover all aspects of IS
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

19. DBA Service: Data Distribution and Use
Data useful in right hands at right time
Current philosophy makes authorized data access easier
Sophisticated query tools
Web front ends
Data democracy
Cautions due to improper use of data
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

20. DBA’s Technical Role
DBMS and utilities evaluation, selection, and installation
Design and implementation of databases and applications
Testing and evaluation of databases and applications
Operation of the DBMS, utilities, and applications
Training and supporting users
Maintenance of the DBMS, utilities, and applications
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

21. DB Administrative Tools: Data Dictionary
Integrated data dictionary
Included with the DBMS
Stand-alone data dictionary
From third-party vendor
Active data dictionary
Automatically updated by the DBMS
Passive data dictionary
Created and updated by a batch process
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

22. DB Administrative Tools: Data Dictionary (Con’t.)
Data elements in all tables
Tables defined in all databases
Indexes defined for each database table
Defined database specifics
End users and administrators of database
Programs that access database
Access authorizations for all users
Relationships among data elements
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

23. DB Administrative Tools: CASE
CASE is Computer-Aided Software Engineering
Provides automated framework for Systems Development Life Cycle
Classifications
Front-end CASE tools support planning, analysis, and design
Back-end CASE tools support coding and implementation
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

24. DB Administrative Tools: CASE (Con’t.)
Reduction in development time and costs
Automation of the SDLC
Standardization of the systems development methodologies
Easier maintenance of application systems developed with CASE tools
Improves communications among the DBA, applications designers, and end users
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

25. Data Administration Strategy: Information Engineering
Information Engineering (IE) translates strategic goals of the company into data and applications
Focuses on description of corporate data instead of the processes
Output is Information Systems Architecture (ISA)
Serves as the basis for planning, development, and control of future IS
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

26. Forces Affecting Development of ISA
Figure 16.8
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

27. Critical Success Factors for IS Strategy
Management commitment
Thorough company situation analysis
End-user involvement
Defined standards
Training
Small pilot project
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel

28. Database Administration Using Oracle
Figure 16.9
Security Manager
Schema Manager
Storage Manager
SQL Worksheet
Instance Manager
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel