1. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill PowerPoint to accompany Essentials of Medical Language 2e Allan, Lockyer Chapter 5: Muscles and Tendons The Essentials of the Language of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation

2. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Muscles and Tendons Lesson 5.1 Functions and Structure of Skeletal Muscle 5-2

3. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Muscles and Tendons Functions of Skeletal Muscle Voluntary Muscle –Movement –Posture –Body Heat –Respiration –Communication 5-3

4. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Muscles and Tendons Structure of Skeletal muscle Striated muscle –Muscle fibers –Striations –Fascia –Hypertrophy –Atrophy 5-4

5. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Disorders of Skeletal Muscle Soreness Cramps Strains Fibromyalgia Myasthenia Gravis Muscular Dystrophy Rhabdomyolysis 5-5

6. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Lesson 5.2 Muscles and Tendons of the Shoulder Girdle and Upper Limb 5-6

7. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Shoulder Girdle Pectoral Girdle –Attaches upper limb to axial skeleton Rotator Cuff –Four muscles originate on scpula –Fuse to form large tendon (rotator cuff) –Inserts into humerus –Holds ball of humerus in scapula socket –Tears with overuse 5-7

8. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Upper Arm and Elbow Joint Muscles connect upper arm to shoulder girdle, vertebral column, and ribs –Anterior Deltoid, pectoralis major –Posterior Latissimus Dorsi 5-8

9. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Elbow Joint and Forearm Muscles to move elbow joint and forearm –Anteriorly Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis –Posteriorly Triceps brachii 5-9

10. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Tendon Disorders Tennis elbow Tenosynovitis Carpal tunnel syndrome Ganglion cysts 5-10

11. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Muscles and Tendons Lesson 5.3 Pelvic Girdle, Thigh, Leg, and Foot 5-11

12. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Muscles of Hip and Thigh Support Hip Joint and Move Thigh –Glutei – maximus, medius, minimus –Adductor muscle of inner thigh 5-12

13. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Thigh Muscles Quadriceps femoris muscle –Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis,vastus medialis, vastus intermedius Quadriceps femoris tendon Hamstring Group –Biceps femoris –Semimembranosus –Semitendinosus 5-13

14. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Muscles and Tendons of Lower Leg, Ankle, and Foot Calf Muscles Gastrocnemius – large Soleus – small Tendons join to form Achilles (calcaneal) tendon which is attached to the heel bone (calcaneus). 5-14

15. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Deconstruction of Words Abduct Abduction Adduct Adduction Adductor Dorsum Dorsal 5-15

16. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Lesson 5.4 Rehabilitation Medicine 5-16

17. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Rehabilitation Medicine Multidisciplinary team approach –Physiatrists –Medical specialists –Occupational therapists –Physical therapists –Rehabilitation psychologists –Social workers –Speech therapists –Orthotists –Nutritionists 5-17

18. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Rehabilitation Medicine Focuses On Function to Maintain Independence and a Good Quality of Life Restorative Rehabilitation –Restores a function that had been lost Maintenance Rehabilitation –Strengthens and maintains a function that was being lost Prevention of Function Loss and Injury 5-18

19. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Measurement and Monitoring Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) 1.Eating2. Bathing3. Dressing 4.Grooming5. Toileting6. Transfer Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) - Relate to Independent Living - Managing money; using a telephone; cooking; driving; shopping; housework 5-19

20. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Assistive Devices Any equipment used to maintain or promote function in someone with a disability Low end – a cane, walker, shoe insert High end – computerized communication device Adaptive Equipment Any equipment to help perform ADLs Eating devices, raised toilet seats, handrails in bath and shower 5-20

21. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Assist Assistive Assistant Physiotherapy Physiotherapist Physiotherapeutic 5-21

22. Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Amputations Causes Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) - legs Wartime explosive devices – arms and legs Below-the-knee (BKA) Promote healing of stump Strengthen muscles above amputation site Strengthen arm muscles Prevent contractures Shrink stump to fit into socket of prosthesis Provide emotional, psychological and family support 5-22