2. What is a Drug??? A drug is any chemical substance that changes the physical, mental or emotional state of the body. A drug is any chemical substance that changes the physical, mental or emotional state of the body. Drugs are separated into two main categories: Drugs are separated into two main categories: 1. Illicit (illegal)- e.g., cannabis, narcotics, hallucinogens, stimulants, cocaine and amphetamines. 2. Licit (legal)- e.g., Prescription drugs- only allowed to use when prescribed by a doctor e.g. penicillin, antibiotics. Non-prescription drugs- substances that you can use in recommended amount- e.g. cough medicines, panadol, tea, coffee, tobacco and alcohol.

3. Why do people take Drugs??? Many people take drugs on a weekly basis and take drugs for a variety of reasons: Many people take drugs on a weekly basis and take drugs for a variety of reasons: To prevent illness To cure disease To feel better To improve sporting performance To escape reality To cover up poor communication skills To join the peer group To satisfy curiosity To seek thrills To escape boredom, loneliness, poverty or insecurity Because advertisers tell them to Because their parents take drugs

4. Why do people Use Drugs? Five reasons behind use Five reasons behind use 1.Recreational use 1.Recreational use 2.Therapeutic use 2.Therapeutic use 3.Escapism 3.Escapism 4.Spiritual or psychological use 4.Spiritual or psychological use 5.Conform to group and social standards 5.Conform to group and social standards

5. Use and Abuse The distinction between using a drug from abusing a drug The distinction between using a drug from abusing a drug 1.Use that goes against accepted medical practices 1.Use that goes against accepted medical practices 2. Effect of the drug 2. Effect of the drug Mental harm Mental harm Physical harm Physical harm Social harm Social harm

6. Addiction and Dependency Addiction – a physical or psychological craving for a drug Addiction – a physical or psychological craving for a drug Withdrawal symptoms Withdrawal symptoms Complex Complex Dependency – a state in which a person’s body has adjusted to regular use of a drug Dependency – a state in which a person’s body has adjusted to regular use of a drug Need for the drug to feel normal Need for the drug to feel normal

7. Drugs and Other Social Problems Health Health Many people die from the use of illegal and legal drugs Many people die from the use of illegal and legal drugs Effects physical and psychological well being Effects physical and psychological well being Prenatal exposure Prenatal exposure Premature delivery Premature delivery Low birth weight Low birth weight Birth defects Birth defects

8. Drugs and Other Social Problems Health Health Sharing needles and HIV Sharing needles and HIV U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention Needle exchange program and the reduction in the spread of HIV Needle exchange program and the reduction in the spread of HIV Educational information on the sterilization of needles Educational information on the sterilization of needles

9. Drugs and Other Social Problems Crime Crime Drug use and crime Drug use and crime Violent offenders and drug use Violent offenders and drug use Drug enforcement policies cause crime Drug enforcement policies cause crime Drug trafficking and violence Drug trafficking and violence Crime to support a drug habit Crime to support a drug habit

10. What is Alcohol??? Alcohol is a colourless chemical liquid which is produced when the sugars in fruits or grain ferment. Alcohol is also a drug. Remember that the definition of a drug is ‘any chemical substance which affects the normal way that a person’s mind of body functions.’

11. What Alcohol does to your body! Regular consumption of too much alcohol for both women and men can suffer serious physical and mental damage. Regular consumption of too much alcohol for both women and men can suffer serious physical and mental damage. Alcohol affects the: Alcohol affects the: Pancreas, Skin, Weight, Kidneys, Liver, Mental Health, Blood pressure, Heart, Digestive system and Fertility.

12. How alcohol leaves the body. Ninety one percent of alcohol is broken down by the liver. The liver breaks down between 7 and 10 grams of alcohol an hour, depending on the person. Ninety one percent of alcohol is broken down by the liver. The liver breaks down between 7 and 10 grams of alcohol an hour, depending on the person. Nine percent of alcohol leaves via, breath 3%, sweat 3% and urine the kidneys 3%. Nine percent of alcohol leaves via, breath 3%, sweat 3% and urine the kidneys 3%.

13. Alcohol and Young People Social cost of alcohol to the Australian community is estimated at $7.5 billion per annum (22%) Social cost of alcohol to the Australian community is estimated at $7.5 billion per annum (22%) Most alcohol consumed by 14 to 17 year-olds is at risky or high risk levels which increases risk of injury and violence Most alcohol consumed by 14 to 17 year-olds is at risky or high risk levels which increases risk of injury and violence National Alcohol Campaign found an increase in the proportion of females who reported consuming at risky (5-6 drinks) and high risk levels (7 or more drinks) National Alcohol Campaign found an increase in the proportion of females who reported consuming at risky (5-6 drinks) and high risk levels (7 or more drinks)

14. What Happens When Alcohol is Ingested? Alcohol is absorbed into blood in the stomach and small intestine. Alcohol is absorbed into blood in the stomach and small intestine. Some alcohol mat be destroyed by an enzyme in the stomach. Some alcohol mat be destroyed by an enzyme in the stomach. Men tend to have more of this enzyme than women. Men tend to have more of this enzyme than women. Alcohol is NOT absorbed by fat. Alcohol is NOT absorbed by fat. Given two people of the same total weight and drinking the same amount, the one with more body fat will be affected more by the alcohol because the same amount of alcohol will be absorbed by a smaller amount of lean tissue. Given two people of the same total weight and drinking the same amount, the one with more body fat will be affected more by the alcohol because the same amount of alcohol will be absorbed by a smaller amount of lean tissue. On average,.3oz of alcohol per hour will be metabolized by the liver. If more than this amount is consumed, then the level of alcohol in the blood will rise. On average,.3oz of alcohol per hour will be metabolized by the liver. If more than this amount is consumed, then the level of alcohol in the blood will rise. Between 2 and 10 percent of the alcohol consumed is excreted in the breath and urine. Between 2 and 10 percent of the alcohol consumed is excreted in the breath and urine. This means that no amount of breath mints, mouthwash, or similar things will fool a breathalyzer test. This means that no amount of breath mints, mouthwash, or similar things will fool a breathalyzer test.