1. 6 Launching the New Nation Washington Heads the New Government
QUIT 6
C H A P T E R
Launching the New Nation
CHAPTER OBJECTIVE
INTERACT WITH HISTORY
TIME LINE
SECTION 1
Washington Heads the New Government
SECTION 2
Foreign Affairs Trouble the Nation
MAP
SECTION 3
Jefferson Alters the Nation’s Course
SECTION 4
The War of 1812
VISUAL SUMMARY

2. 6 Launching the New Nation
HOME 6
C H A P T E R
Launching the New Nation
CHAPTER OBJECTIVE
To describe major domestic and foreign problems faced by the leaders of the new Republic such as maintaining national security and creating a stable economic system of government

3. 6 Launching the New Nation I N T E R A C T
HOME 6
C H A P T E R
Launching the New Nation
I N T E R A C T
W I T H H I S T O R Y
You are a teacher in a small town on the western frontier in You ask your students what the new government means to them. A girl whose parents own the general store says that her father worries about taxes. Her brother says that he wants to join the army. A boy from a small farm in the backcountry replies that the government is only for town people.
How can a government truly represent all of its citizens?
Examine the Issues
• How can a government win people’s trust?
• How can a government build a unified nation out of a people with diverse interests and concerns?

4. 6 Launching the New Nation The United States The World continued . . .
HOME 6
C H A P T E R
Launching the New Nation
TIME LINE
The United States
The World
1789 George Washington is elected president.
1789 The French Revolution begins.
1791 Slaves revolt in Saint Domingue, now known as Haiti.
1792 George Washington is reelected president.
1793 French King Louis XVI is executed in the French Revolution.
1794 The Whiskey Rebellion breaks out.
1796 John Adams is elected president.
1799 Napoleon Bonaparte seizes control of the French government.
1800 Thomas Jefferson is elected president.
1801 Act of Union, uniting Great Britain and Ireland, goes into effect.
continued . . .

5. 6 Launching the New Nation The United States The World HOME TIME LINE
C H A P T E R
Launching the New Nation
TIME LINE
The United States
The World
1803 France and the United States sign the Louisiana Purchase. Thomas Jefferson is reelected president.
1804 Haiti declares itself independent from France.
1807 Great Britain outlaws the slave trade.
1808 James Madison is elected president.
1812 James Madison is reelected.
1814 The Treaty of Ghent ends the War of 1812.
1815 Napoleon is defeated at Waterloo.
1816 James Monroe is elected president.

6. Washington Heads the New Government
S E C T I O N 1
Washington Heads the New Government
HOME
KEY IDEA
President Washington transformed the ideas of the Constitution into a real government.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT

7. Washington Heads the New Government
S E C T I O N 1
Washington Heads the New Government
HOME
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
President Washington transformed the ideas of the Constitution into a real government.
The Cabinet, an institution Washington created, is still a key element of every presidential administration.
TERMS & NAMES
• Judiciary Act of 1789
• Alexander Hamilton
• two-party system
• Bank of the United States
• Democratic-Republicans
• Cabinet
• excise tax
• protective tariff
ASSESSMENT

8. Washington Heads the New Government Democratic-Republicans
S E C T I O N 1
Washington Heads the New Government
HOME
ASSESSMENT
1. List the leaders, beliefs, and goals of the country’s first two political parties.
Federalists
Democratic-Republicans
Federalists like Hamilton supported commerce and industry, strong central government, the educated upper class, loose interpretation of the Constitution, and a national bank.
Democratic-Republicans like Jefferson supported agriculture, weak central government, the common people, strict interpretation of the Constitution, and opposed a national bank.
continued . . .

9. Washington Heads the New Government
HOME 1
S E C T I O N
Washington Heads the New Government
ASSESSMENT
2. How would you judge President Washington’s decision to put two such opposed thinkers as Hamilton and Jefferson in his cabinet? Think About:
• both men’s merits
• their philosophies
• the conflicts that developed
ANSWER
Pro: Washington was a strong, confident leader with the ability to choose brilliant advisors and listen to both sides of an issue.
Con: Conflicting advisors divided the Cabinet and undermined Washington’s leadership.
continued . . .

10. Washington Heads the New Government
S E C T I O N 1
HOME
Washington Heads the New Government
ASSESSMENT
3. How was the Whiskey Rebellion an opportunity for the federal government to demonstrate its authority?
ANSWER
The government’s response to the rebellion demonstrated its ability to enforce federal law, even on the frontier where the rebellion occurred.
continued . . .

11. Washington Heads the New Government
HOME 1
S E C T I O N
Washington Heads the New Government
ASSESSMENT
4. Would you have supported Hamilton’s economic plan? Explain why or why not. Think About:
• the money problems the nation faced
• other problems the nation faced
ANSWER
Pro: Hamilton proposed a national bank that would consolidate debts and assume the states’ debts.
Con: Hamilton was biased in favor of the rich and the Northern states.
End of Section 1

12. Foreign Affairs Trouble the Nation
S E C T I O N 2
Foreign Affairs Trouble the Nation
HOME
KEY IDEA
Events in Europe sharply divided American public opinion in the late 18th century.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT

13. Foreign Affairs Trouble the Nation
S E C T I O N 2
Foreign Affairs Trouble the Nation
HOME
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Events in Europe sharply divided American public opinion in the late 18th century.
Foreign policy remains a key element of every presidential administration.
TERMS & NAMES
• sectionalism
• XYZ Affair
• Edmond Genêt
• Alien and Sedition Acts
• Thomas Pinckney
• nullification
• John Jay
• neutrality
• Little Turtle
ASSESSMENT

14. Foreign Affairs Trouble the Nation
S E C T I O N 2
Foreign Affairs Trouble the Nation
HOME
ASSESSMENT
1. List some of the disputes mentioned in this section. Indicate the dispute and summarize each side’s arguments.
Dispute:
U.S. Attitudes Towards French Revolution
Pro: historic ties, struggle against tyranny
Con: Reign of Terror, against another war with England
Jay’s Treaty
Pro: British leave Northwest Territory posts.
Con: British continue fur trade in U.S. territory. British seize American ships.
War with France
Pro: France seizes American ships.
Con: Adams refuses war, finds diplomatic solution.
continued . . .

15. Foreign Affairs Trouble the Nation
S E C T I O N 2
Foreign Affairs Trouble the Nation
HOME
ASSESSMENT
2. Do you agree with the Democratic–Republicans that the Alien and Sedition Acts were a violation of the First Amendment? Were they necessary? Think About:
• the intent of the First Amendment
• what was happening in Europe
• what was happening in America
ANSWER
Agree: Acts violate freedom of speech, specifically a citizen’s right to criticize the policies of John Adams’s Federalist administration.
Disagree: Young government needs to protect itself from Democratic–Republicans sowing discontent.
continued . . .

16. Foreign Affairs Trouble the Nation
S E C T I O N 2
Foreign Affairs Trouble the Nation
HOME
ASSESSMENT
3. Should the United States have officially supported the French revolutionaries against the British? Think About:
• Federalist and Republican attitudes toward France and Great Britain
• the Reign of Terror
• U.S. gratitude to France for its support against Britain
ANSWER
Yes: Americans owed France a favor in exchange for support during the American Revolution; Treaty of 1778 between France and the United States.
No: Reign of Terror; beheading of Louis XVI; Edmond Genêt incident
End of Section 2

17. Jefferson Alters the Nation’s Course
S E C T I O N 3
Jefferson Alters the Nation’s Course
MAP
HOME
KEY IDEA
The United States expanded its borders during Thomas Jefferson’s administration.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT

18. Jefferson Alters the Nation’s Course
S E C T I O N 3
Jefferson Alters the Nation’s Course
MAP
HOME
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The United States expanded its borders during Thomas Jefferson’s administration.
Part or all of 15 states now occupy the territory Jefferson acquired in the Louisiana Purchase.
TERMS & NAMES
• Lewis and Clark
• midnight judges
• judicial review
• Judiciary Act of 1801
• Marbury v. Madison
• Louisiana Purchase
• Sacajawea
• Aaron Burr
• John Marshall
ASSESSMENT

19. Jefferson Alters the Nation’s Course
S E C T I O N 3
Jefferson Alters the Nation’s Course
MAP
HOME
ASSESSMENT
1. List the major accomplishments of Jefferson’s presidency and the significance of each.
Event
Significance
Simplified the presidency
Introduced Democratic–Republican principles
Louisiana Purchase
Expanded size of the U.S.
Louise and Clark expedition
Increased knowledge of the West
continued . . .

20. Jefferson Alters the Nation’s Course
S E C T I O N 3
Jefferson Alters the Nation’s Course
MAP
HOME
ASSESSMENT
2. How did the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark expedition affect the expansion of the United States?
ANSWER
With the Purchase, the country received a great deal of land. The expedition provided valuable information about the new territory that would help settlers survive there.
continued . . .

21. Jefferson Alters the Nation’s Course
S E C T I O N 3
Jefferson Alters the Nation’s Course
MAP
HOME
ASSESSMENT
3. Why was Marbury v. Madison such an important case? Think About:
• Judge Marshall’s decision
• its effects on the future
ANSWER
It affirmed the principle of judicial review. The Supreme Court could declare a law—such as the Judiciary Act of 1789—unconstitutional and thus be an effective check on the legislative branch.
End of Section 3

22. S E C T I O N 4
The War of 1812
HOME
KEY IDEA
War broke out again between the United States and Britain in 1812.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT

23. S E C T I O N 4
The War of 1812
HOME
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
War broke out again between the United States and Britain in 1812.
The War of 1812 confirmed American independence and strengthened nationalism.
TERMS & NAMES
• impressment
• Tecumseh
• armistice
• Treaty of Ghent
• Andrew Jackson
• William Henry Harrison
• blockade
• embargo
• war hawk
ASSESSMENT

24. S E C T I O N 4
The War of 1812
HOME
ASSESSMENT
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
Explain the reasons why the war hawks wanted war with Great Britain.
War
British seizure of American ships and impressment of American citizens
British Canadian supply of arms to Native Americans
Chesapeake incident
continued . . .

25. S E C T I O N 4
The War of 1812
HOME
ASSESSMENT
2. What was the most important achievement of the U.S. in this period? Think About:
• relations between the U.S. and Britain
• the results of the war
ANSWER
The War of 1812 confirmed American independence and strengthened nationalism.
continued . . .

26. S E C T I O N 4
The War of 1812
HOME
ASSESSMENT
3. Even though it was fought after an armistice had been signed, why was the Battle of New Orleans an important victory for the Americans?
ANSWER
By defeating a force that was superior to the U.S. in size and strength, Jackson demonstrated that America was a powerful military force.
continued . . .

27. S E C T I O N 4
The War of 1812
HOME
ASSESSMENT
4. Do you think that Tecumseh’s confederacy helped or hurt the cause of Native Americans? Think About:
• the loss of Native American lands
• the reluctance of certain tribes to join the confederacy
• Tecumseh’s role in the War of 1812
ANSWER
Helped: The confederacy formed a united front against the growing numbers of settlers moving into Native American territory.
Hurt: Because some of the tribes refused to join, the confederacy exposed internal weaknesses among the Native Americans.
End of Section 4