1. Industrialization and Globalization
Unit
Industrialization and Globalization

2. Unit 5 Themes 1. Nationalism, Revolution and Reform
2. The Industrial Revolution
3. Imperialism and Nation-State Building
4. Global Migration

3. The French Revolution Timeline
Timeline

4. Causes of the French Revolution

5. Causes of the French Revolution
Write a 1-2 sentence thesis statement analyzing the causes of the French Revolution.
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6. Summarize the additional economic causes of the French Revolution.
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7. The Declaration of Independence The Declaration of the Rights
Two “Revolutionary” Documents
The Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson
America, 1776
The Declaration of the Rights
of Man and Citizen
Marquis de Lafayette
France, 1789
Identify ideas within Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence that are clear evidence of the influence of John Locke and other Enlightenment thinkers.
Who do you think is the main audience? Why?
Where is the evidence of the influence of Jefferson’s Declaration and the American Revolution in de Lafayette’s Declaration?
Who do you think is the main audience? Why

8. French Revolution Key Events
Think about the specific significance of each of the “Key Events” in shaping the outcomes of the French revolution.

9. French Revolution Storyboard
Directions: Event at top, colored image in center, caption at bottom.

10. The Enlightenment Political & Legal Equality (Rousseau)
Personal Freedoms (Voltaire)
Social Contract (Hobbes)
Popular Sovereignty & Natural Rights (Locke)
Global Influence of Enlightenment Values
American Revolution

11. Inept Ruler? King Louis XVI

12. French Society First Estate: Catholic clergy Second Estate: nobility
.5% pop.
Did not pay taxes
Second Estate: nobility
1.5% pop.
Exempt from many taxes
Third Estate: Rest of Population
Bourgeoisie – wealthy middle class
Sans-culottes – working class
Provided bulk of French tax revenue

13. Q. What can you infer from the pie graphs on why a revolution occurred in France?

14. Political inequalities for Middle Class
First Estate Second Estate Third Estate
X X X X
X X X X
X X X X
1 Vote
1 Vote
X= Representative
1 Vote

15. Financial Crisis During 1780s, 50% of revenue went to pay off debts
American Revolution
Lavish lifestyle of the monarchy
Series of bad harvests 1787 & 1788
Bread prices went up 50% in 1789
Need for tax reform
Louis XVI hoped to raise taxes on the aristocracy
Aristocracy resisted reforms
Forced Louis to call the Estates-General for the first time since 1614

16. Discussion Questions
What were the similarities between the long-term causes of the American and French Revolutions? Differences?

17. Calling of the Estates-General
May 5, 1789

18. The National Assembly and Tennis Court Oath
June 20, 1789
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

19. Why Revolution? Revolutionaries demanded end to the
Ancien Regime “Old Order”
Absolutism
Noble & Church feudal privileges
Slogan of Revolution
“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” (brotherhood)

20. Phase I Moderate/liberal Goal- create constitutional monarchy

21. Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
Marquis de Lafayette The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
June 20, 1789
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

22. Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen
a. based on ideas of the Enlightenment and the Declaration of Independence b. all people are equal before the law c. freedom of speech, press and religion d. protected against arbitrary arrest and punishment e. did not* grant equal rights to women

23. Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen
a. based on ideas of the Enlightenment and the Declaration of Independence

24. Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen
Passed by the National Assembly on August 26, 1789
Not a Constitution but a statement of general principals
Defines individual and collective rights
Does not address women or slavery

25. Storming of the Bastille
- Members of the 3rd Estate took it over to gain gunpowder & free political prisoners
Importance = Symbolized the start of the revolution
“Bastille Day” = National holiday; July 14

26. Storming of the Bastille

27. Great Fear
- France enters “Great Fear” – general revolts against Old Feudal Regime; clergy, nobility

28. March on Versailles
Oct. 5, 1789

29. Women’s March on Versailles
Storming of Versailles
October 1, 1789
-Results
- Royal family forced to come to Paris
- Louis forced to sign new constitution
- France now a constitutional monarchy

30. Critical Intro:
Why do you think all of the events leading up to the “Reign of Terror” were viewed as “moderate” considering some of the violent actions during those events?

31. Phase II (1792-1794) Radical Goal- a republic; eliminate monarchists and counterrevolutionaries

32. European Nations Attack France
Arrest of Louis XVI
August 10, 1792
Nations (Great Britain, Spain, Austria, Prussia) take advantage of instability – Attack France

33. Two Political Parties Jacobins gain control
Jacobins – rejected anything that resembled the old order and wanted more change
a. led by Maximilien Robespierre
Girondists – felt that the revolution had gone far enough and wanted to protect the wealthy middle class
Jacobins gain control

34. Why were all events up to the Reign of Terror considered “Moderate”?
Critical Intro.
Why were all events up to the Reign of Terror considered “Moderate”?
Arrest of Louis XVI
August 10, 1792

35. Radicals Take Control
Arrest of Louis XVI
August 10, 1792

36. Decline of the Monarchy
Louis XVI tried to flee with his family to Austria
a. was caught and returned to Paris
neighboring countries began to worry about their own monarchies
French émigrés (nobles who fled from France) tried to convince other countries to restore Louis XVI

37. Execution of Louis XVI
January 21, 1793

38. Monarchy dead; Republic is born
Jacobin (radical revolutionaries) Reforms
Universal adult male suffrage
Universal military duty
Abolished slavery
Fuels Haitian Revolution
Increased rights of women
Could not participate in politics
Attacked Catholicism
Spirit of nationalism

39. “Reign of Terror”

40. Reign of Terror Led by Maximilien Robespierre
Find & eliminate enemies of the state
Monarchists
counterrevolutionaries
As many as 40,000 killed by guillotine
video
“The first maxim of our politics ought to be to lead the people by means of reason and the enemies of the people by terror.”

41. British View of Reign of Terror

42. End of the Terror Robespierre is killed July 28, 1794
French Revolution part 3
French Revolution part 4
Robespierre is killed
French Revolution part 5
July 28, 1794

43. Phase III (1794-1815) Conservative/reactionary
Goal- To end “terror” and establish Directory

44. Directory and
Rise of Napoleon

45. Rise of Napoleon
Directory = Ineffective governing body following “Terror”
Failed to solve economic problems of France
Napoleon staged a coup d'état in 1799
Becomes emperor in 1804

46. Goals of Napoleon increase French nationalism control of Europe
improve education
a. set up technical schools, universities and secondary schools
required all citizens to pay taxes
Establish Central Bank
improve the legal system
a. simplified the French law code into the
Napoleonic Code

47. Napoleonic Code, 1804
Purpose = reform the French legal code to reflect the principles of the French Rev.
Create 1 law code for France
Influenced European legal codes

48. Building His Empire
after defeating Austria and Italy, he convinced Russia to drop out of the war
a. Also invaded Spain & Portugal
b. Britain was left as the only country opposing Napoleon
Continental System – ordered all European nations to stop trade with Britain
Goal = isolate Britain & promote Napoleon’s mastery over Europe

49. The Continental System

50. Domestic Policies of Napoleon
Maintained some rights gained during the revolution
Freedom of religion
Napoleonic Code (Civil Code)
Schools and universities
Reversed other gains
Rights of women
Freedom of expression
Reformed economy
Revised tax code
Central bank

51. Napoleon’s Empire

52. Napoleon’s Empire

53. Downfall of Napoleon 1812 – Napoleon invaded Russia with a 600,000 men
the Russians executed a “scorched-earth” policy = no food or shelter for French troops
Napoleon had to withdraw because of the harsh Russian winter
the Russians attacked them the whole way back
500,000 died
French severely weakened = Spain, Russia, Prussia, Britain, Austria and Italy attacked France
March 14, 1814 – Napoleon was forced to abdicate
the throne and was exiled to Elba

54. Napoleon’s Failed Invasion of Russia

55. Napoleon’s Empire Left: Napoleon’s Empire by 1812
Above: Napoleon’s Retreat from Russia

56. Napoleon on Elba
This should NOT be a prison

57. Final Defeat Napoleon escapes Elba Leads France for 100 days
Europeans invade France & defeat Napoleon for good at Waterloo.
Exiled to St. Helena

58. Battle of Waterloo
British and Prussians Defeat Napoleon for good

59. Napoleon’s Downfall Could not conquer British navy
Guerilla movements in Spain and Portugal
Failed invasion of Russia
Final defeat at Waterloo

60. Napoleon Banished to St. Helena

61. Legacy of Napoleon
Unsuccessful attempt to unify Europe under French domination.
Napoleonic Code – great influence on modern European legal codes
Spread of nationalism in Europe
German and Italian unification
Greek independence

62. Legacy of the French Revolution
Global Independence movements
Haitian Revolution
Latin American independence
Triggered by Napoleon’s invasion of Spain
Egypt broke away from Ottoman Empire
Slave Trade and Slavery
England abolished slave trade in 1807; slavery in 1833
Brazil—Last to abolish slavery (1888)
Abolition of serfdom
Except in Russia