1. 4.02 US History Team Teaching
Bianca O, Kenan L, Tyler M, Kevin B, Isaac C
4.02 US History Team Teaching

2. Dawes Severalty Act
1887- Named after Massachusetts Senator Henry L. Dawes
He headed the US Senate’s Committee on Indian Affairs
It was designed to free up western land for white settlers and American Indians.
Congress wanted this to give up communal living and to adopt American farming practices.
When it passed, American’s views of native peoples changed.

3. Assimilation (Americanization)
Americanization describes the movement during the first quarter of the 20th century.
It was proposed to assimilate American speech, ideals, traditions, and ways of life.
This effort by the United States was also to transform Native American culture to European-American culture between the years of 1790–1920.

4. Chief Joseph
Chief of the Nez Perce tribe of Native Americans of the Wallowa Valley in Oregon.
In 1877, the Nez Perce were ordered to a reservation for Native Americans only. They refused to go. Instead, Chief Joseph tried to lead 800 of his people to Canada, fighting the U.S. Army along 1100 miles. They were trapped just forty miles from Canada. After a five-day fight, the remaining 431 remaining Nez Perce were beaten.
On October 5, 1877, Chief Joseph made his speech of surrender.

5. I Will Fight No More Forever
Surrender Speech by Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce
I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed. Looking Glass is dead. Toohulhulsote is dead. The old men are all dead. It is the young men who say yes or no. He who led the young men is dead.
It is cold and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills and have no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are--perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children and see how many I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead.
Hear me, my chiefs. I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever.

6. Nez Perce Idaho, Oregon, and Washington reservations
Most speak English; some speak their “Nez Perce” language
Still an ongoing tribe today
Women did chores, took care of home, etc.
Men hunted and also took part in storytelling, artwork, music, and aiding in medicine.
Settled Villages of “earth homes”
Used dog sleds and canoes for travel
Fishing and Hunting People

7. Sitting Bull
Great Teton Dakota Indian chief and warrior under whom the Sioux tribes united in their struggle for survival on the American Great Plains.

8. Battle of Little Big Horn
Most famous action of the Great Sioux War of
“Custer’s Last Stand”
June 25 and 26 in Montana
Native American Victory
Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho Tribes vs. 7th Cavalry Regiment of US Army.

9. Continued…
It was led by several major war leaders, including Crazy Horse and Gall, who were inspired by the visions of Sitting Bull.
The 700 men led by General Custer suffered a severe defeat.
5 of the 7 US companies were destroyed
Custer was killed, as were two of his brothers, a nephew, and a brother-in-law. Total U.S. deaths were 268, 55 were wounded in their loss.

10. Sand Creek Massacre
November 29, 1864 in the southeastern Colorado Territory.
Part of the Indian Wars
This attack was on a village of sleeping Cheyenne Indians by a regiment of militiamen
It resulted in the more than 200 tribal members deaths.
About two-thirds of the dead were women and children.
Many bodies were mutilated and their scalps were strung across a theater stage to the delight of an applauding audience.

11. Wounded Knee December 29, 1890-South Dakota
US Victory, Indians massacred
Lakota tribe were being disarmed; chief refused, shots fired.
Friendly fire shot.
Over 200 deaths
National Historic Landmark

12. Helen Hunt Jackson’s Century of Dishonor
Non-fiction
Chronicles experiences of Native American injustices in the US
Written as an attempt to change government ideas/policy toward Indians around time of the 1871 Indian Appropriations Act.
1881

13. Buffalo Soldiers
Members of 10th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army
Formed on September 21, 1866 at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.
The nickname was given to the "Negro Cavalry" by the Native American tribes they fought
Established by Congress as first peacetime all-black regiments in the regular U.S. Army.
On September 6, 2005, Mark Matthews, the oldest living of the original Buffalo Soldiers, died at the age of 111 and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery

14. Promontory Point, Utah/ Transcontinental Railroad
Sight of First United States Transcontinental Railroad completed
May 10, 1869
4902 feet above sea level
Southern Box Elder County, Utah