1. Test on February 22, 2012 (Wednesday)

2.  Arid-very little rain  Drought-long period of extremely dry weather when there isn’t rain for crops  Examples of ways people physically change the environment-building homes, roads and plating crops

3.  Culture and examples of culture- group's shared beliefs and behavior; government, language, religion, family and economic system  Prosperous Mining results in Africa due to-plentiful natural resources  Results of slave trade in the United States (culture)-African music, art and dance in North America

4.  Impact of colonialism in Africa (languages)-English is often spoken due to many African countries being colonialized by Britain  Irrigation system-allows water into areas that typically would not have water, such as in an arid climate  Dictatorship-a leader who rules a country with absolute and sole power, usually by force  Secondary industry and example- creates products from raw materials; manufacturing (making) goods

5.  Unlimited government-government without restrictions in which the citizens have little power  Scarcity-not enough; could cause prices to be higher (increase)  Cultural Diffusion-the spread of ideas, tools and culture through improved communication  Purpose of the lyrics of an African American spiritual song called "You Got a Right"-the slave’s desire for to gain their freedom

6.  Ballots-voting system; before computers, boxes were used to hold votes  Civic Duties- voting, jury duty, paying taxes and volunteering  Limited government-restrictions on government power by the citizens that allow people to have more freedoms  Reggae and how it developed in the United States-influenced by the African slave trade

7.  Products/goods of Triangular Trade- sugar, tobacco, cotton, rum, textiles and African slaves  Events leading up to, during and after Apartheid in South Africa-Mandela’s imprisonment and Mandela’s release but still many struggles were faced  Apartheid-a political system in South Africa that prevents black Africans from many personal freedoms

8.  Tertiary industry and example-goods are not produced; transportation  Command Economy-an economy in which government controls production  Colonialism in Africa-Africa was mainly colonialized by European countries  Regime- the government of a particular country, especially one that is considered to be oppressive

9.  Hutu regime in Rwanda in the 1990s- wanted to eliminate the ethnic group of Tutsis  Desertification-caused by overgrazing of animals, lack of rain and overuse of farmland  Industrial Revolution- the period of change beginning in the late 18th century, during which goods began to be manufactured by power-driven machines

10.  European participation in the slave trade-several European nations participated in the slave trade  Genocide-the systematic killing of all the people from a national, ethnic, or religious group, or an attempt to do this  Examples of genocide in the 1990s in Africa-Rwanda and Sudan

11.  Subsidence farming (agriculture)- growing just enough food to support the family  Reasons for Scramble for Africa-Raw materials were needed due to the Industrial Revolution, European nations wanted to create new markets to sell their goods and European nations wanted to expand their territories  The availability of clean water in Somalia-increased after people started migrating because of the famine and wars

12.  Imperialism = colonialism  Scarce resources, lack of water to drink and grow food, and conflicts has caused many Africans in Sub-Sahara Africa to suffer  Italy and India are both peninsulas