1. The Planting of English America, 1500 - 1733
THEME:
After a late start, a proud, nationalistic England joined the colonial race. Although varying somewhat in origins and character, all these colonies exhibited plantation agriculture, indentured and slave labor, a tendency toward strong economic and social hierarchies, and a pattern of widely scattered, institutionally weak settlement.

2. What was the first English colony in the Americas?
Who was the governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
Who married Pocahontas?
What is John Rolfe responsible for inventing?
What tribe was central to the history of the Virginia Colony?

3. First English Settlements
(Roanoke) Jamestown Plymouth

4. What factors drove English exploration and colonization?

5. ECONOMIC
HISTORY
SOCIAL
POLITICAL

6. Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I
(By kind permission of the Marquess of Tavistock and Trustees of the Bedford Estate)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

7. Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I
(By kind permission of the Marquess of Tavistock and Trustees of the Bedford Estate)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

8. Map: Major Transatlantic Explorations, 1000-1587
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

9. Europeans in North America
English Jamestown
1607
French Quebec
1608
Spanish Santa Fe
1610

10. The First Charter of Virginia; April 10, 1606 (1)
JAMES, by the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c. Charter of the Virginia Company …
And we do further, by these Presents, for Us, our Heirs and Successors, GIVE AND GRANT unto the said Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Sommers, Richard Hackluit, and Edward-Maria Wingfield, and to their Associates of the said first Colony and Plantation, and to the said Thomas Hanham, Ralegh Gilbert, William Parker, and George Popham, and their Associates of the said second Colony and Plantation, that they, and every of them, by their Deputies, Ministers, and Factors, may transport the Goods, Chattels, Armour, Munition, and Furniture, needful to be used by them, for their said Apparel, Food, Defence, or otherwise in Respect of the said Plantations, out of our Realms of England and Ireland, and all other our Dominions, from time to time, for and during the Time of seven Years, next ensuing the Date hereof, for the better Relief of the said several Colonies and Plantations, without any Customs, Subsidy, or other Duty, unto Us, our Heirs, or Successors, to be yielded or payed for the same.
Also we do, for Us, our Heirs, and Successors, DECLARE, by these Presents, that all and every the Persons being our Subjects, which shall dwell and inhabit within every or any of the said several Colonies and Plantations, and every of their children, which shall happen to be born within any of the Limits and Precincts of the said several Colonies and Plantations, shall HAVE and enjoy all Liberties, Franchises, and Immunities, within any of our other Dominions, to all Intents and Purposes, as if they had been abiding and born, within this our Realm of England, or any other of our said Dominions.

11. Jamestown skeleton
Jamestown skeleton
In 1996, archeologists working at Jamestown uncovered this skeleton of a young man they nicknamed "JR." JR was a European male, 5' 6" tall, between the ages of 19 and 22. We know that he bled to death from a bullet wound in his leg, but we don't know the circumstances of his death. Was he a gentleman, shot for treason? Was he a soldier? Was he perhaps a co-conspirator with Captain John Smith in Smith's mutiny attempt at sea? The answer remains a mystery, but JR's discovery illustrates how much early American historians have come to rely upon archeologists for help in reconstructing the colonial past. (Kenneth K. Lyons/Newport News Daily Press)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

12. Bartholomew Gosnold Trading with Indians at Martha's Vineyard by Theodor de Bry, 1634
This picture shows one interpretation of a trading session between the English and Native Americans. Theodor de Bry was one of the first to include such drawings in his accounts of the New World. Previous works on the subject contained either no illustrations or very crude ones. (Library of Congress)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

13. Settling the Northern Colonies 1619-1700
THEME:
The Protestant Reformation, in its English Calvinist (Reformed) version, provided the impetus for the settlement of New England. The New England colonies developed a fairly homogeneous social order based on religion and semi-communal family and town settlements.

16. Puritans create New England
Puritans want to purify Church of England
of Catholicism
Puritan Separatists exiled by King James I; they go to Holland
1620, Pilgrims (Puritan Separatists) leave Holland & found Plymouth Bay Colony
In northern colonies, religion, not profit, drives colonization
Mayflower Compact- early example moderate self govt.
Myles Standish is their leader.
Merged with Mass. Bay Colony in 1691

17. Massachusetts Bay Colony
1630, as a “city on a hill” for Puritans
Led by John Winthrop, Governor of colony
Established an independent government for the colony
2/3 of males (churched only) enfranchised
Very large and well-stocked expedition
Very successful, encouraged the “Great Migration”
20,000 migrated between 1630 and 1640

18. Reasons for the Plantation in New England ca. 1628
Redacted and introduced by Marcia Elaine Stewart.
# 1. It will be a service to the Church of great consequence to carry the Gospel into those parts of the world, to help on the fullness of the coming of the Gentiles, and to raise a bulwark against the kingdom of AnteChrist, which the Jesuits labor to rear up in those parts.
# 2. All other Churches of Europe are brought to desolation, and our sins, for which the Lord begins already to frown upon us and to cut us short, do threaten evil times to be coming upon us, and who knows, but that God hath provided this place to be a refuge for many whom he means to save out of the general calamity, and seeing the Church hath no place left to fly into but the wilderness, what better work can there be, than to go and provide tabernacles and food for her when she be restored.
#6. The fountains of learning and religion are so corrupted that most children (besides the unsupportable charge of their education) are perverted, corrupted, and utterly overthrown by the multitude of evil examples and the licentious government of those seminaries, where men strain at gnats and swallow camels, and use all severity for maintenance of caps and like accomplishments, but suffer all ruffianlike fashions and disorder in manners to pass uncontrolled.

20. Partial list of the Passengers of the Elizabeth & Ann mid-May, 1635
PRENAME SURNAME STATUS AGE DATE of record NOTE ROLL #
Thomas Hedsall Apr
Margerie Washborn Apr
Jo: Washborn son of Margerie Apr
Philip Washborn son of Margerie Apr
Robert Hawkynns husbandman Apr
Jo: Whitney Apr
Jo: Palmerley Apr
Richard Martin Apr
Jo: Whitney Apr
Richard Whitney Apr
Nathaniel Whitney Apr
Thomas Whitney Apr
Jonathan Whitney Apr
Nicholas Sension Apr
Henry Jackson Apr
William Hubbard Apr
Thomas Hubbard Apr
Thomas Eaton Apr
Mary Hawkynns Apr
Ellen Whitney Apr

21. “City upon a hill” Protestant work ethic  God rewards his elect
System of winners and losers, see Winthrop p. 54
All “freemen” could vote – very democratic at the time
Church and state were closely linked
Taxes supported the church
Laws punished both criminal and undesirable act
such as idleness and drunkenness  “Blue Laws”
Little concept of privacy – Church and State could punish parents for poor parenting, marital problems, etc.

22. Excerpt: “A Model of Christian Charity” By Governor John Winthrop, 1630
For this end, we must be knit together, in this work, as one man. We must entertain each other in brotherly affection. … We must delight in each other; make others’ conditions our own; rejoice together, mourn together, labor and suffer together, always having before our eyes our commission and community in the work, as members of the same body. So shall we keep the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace. … We shall find that the God of Israel is among us, when ten of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our enemies; when He shall make us a praise and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantations, "may the Lord make it like that of New England." For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us. So that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause Him to withdraw His present help from us, we shall be made a story and a by-word through the world. We shall open the mouths of enemies to speak evil of the ways of God, and all professors for God's sake. We shall shame the faces of many of God's worthy servants, and cause their prayers to be turned into curses upon us till we be consumed out of the good land whither we are going.

24. The Planting of English America 1500-1733
THEME:
The early English colonies’ encounters with Indians and Africans slaves established the patterns of race relations that would shape the North American experience – in particular, warfare and reservations for the Indians and lifelong slave codes for African-Americans.

25. Conflict with Native Americans
Original co-existence w/ Native Americans  Tension
Expansion of colony leads to conflict with Pequot Nation
SEE PAGE 56
1637 Punitive conflict begins, Pequots are exterminated.
Metacom, aka King Philip, resists expansion
King Philip’s War, 1675
Wampanoag tribe is destroyed, Metacom killed
Was the last Native American resistance in Puritan colonies
Conflict is denounced by Roger Williams

27. Pequot War -1637
“At the time of the Pequot War, Pequot strength was concentrated along the Pequot (now Thames) and Mystic Rivers in what is now southeastern Connecticut. Mystic, or Missituk, was the site of the major battle of the War. Under the leadership of Captain John Mason from Connecticut and Captain John Underhill from Massachusetts Bay Colony, English Puritan troops, with the help of Mohegan and Narragansett allies, burned the village and killed the estimated Pequots inside.
The battle turned the tide against the Pequots and broke the tribe's resistance. Many Pequots in other villages escaped and hid among other tribes, but most of them were eventually killed or captured and given as slaves to tribes friendly to the English. The English, supported by Uncas' Mohegans, pursued the remaining Pequot resistors until all were either killed or captured and enslaved. After the War, the colonists enslaved survivors and outlawed the name "Pequot.“”
– source:

28. Colonists attack on Mystic, a Pequot village and fort
25 May 1637
English and their allies approach Sassacus's Pequot Harbor fort. They decide to attack fort at Mystic instead. English and allies arrive at Mystic at night and make camp.
26 May 1637 Attack on Mystic:
English fire a volley at dawn, then storm the fort. Mason enters at northeast, and Underhill enters at southwest. Pequots fight fiercely. Mason abandons plan to seek booty and sets fire to 80 huts housing approximately 800 people (men, women, and children) Pequots die in an hour. 7 are taken captive, and 7 escape. Two Englishmen are killed, with wounded. English march toward their ships, burning Pequot dwellings along the way.
SOURCE:
Drawing of Mystic , a Pequot fort

29. http://go. hrw. com/hrw. nd/gohrw_rls1/pKeywordResults

30. Causes and Effects of King Philip’s War (use p. 57) CAUSES EFFECTS
1675

31. Interior of the Old Ship Meeting House in Hingham, Massachusetts
The meetinghouse, or church, stood at the center of every Puritan community in colonial New England. Built in 1681, the Old Ship Meeting House of Hingham, Massachusetts, was designed to resemble the hull of an upside down ship. Although the Hingham church is simple and unadorned, the placement of the pews and their assignment to local families based on their wealth, background, and social standing, makes clear that the Puritans were not radical egalitarians like the Quakers. (Peter Vanderwarker )
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

32. Dissent in the Puritan Community
Anne Hutchinson, exiled in 1638.
In 1643 she and her family were killed in a war fought between the Dutch colonists and N. Americans
She is seen as the beginning of the
American tradition of Freedom
of Conscience.
Roger Williams, fled MBC in Befriended by Native Am and settled in Narragansett Bay.
Founded Rhode Island – community based on religious tolerance.

33. REVIEW & REINFORCE
Juan Ponce de Leon = founded Spanish settlements in Florida
Popé = organized rebellion against Spanish Missions in New Mexico
Encomiendas = Harsh system of plantation labor using natives
Headright system=Virginia Company gave 50 acres to each family member migration
Indentured Servants=Usually worked for 4-7 years, used until late 1600’s slaves
Jamestown survives “Starving Time” b/c of Capt. John Smith and Powhatan Indians
John Rolfe invents tobacco hybrid, “Brown Gold” for VA

34. Anglo-Powhatan Wars in VA
De Warr uses “Irish tactics”
1614 Peace- Pocahontus & John Rolfe marry
1622, 347 settlers killed, incl. John Rolfe
1644, Powhatan defeated
1685, Powhatan extinct
Disease, Disorganization, Disposability

35. http://www. royalarmouries. org/webassets/G/G

36. Map: European Explorations in America
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

37. Map: Chesapeake Expansion, 1607-1700
The Chesapeake colonies expanded slowly before mid-century. By 1700 Anglo-Indian wars, a rising English population, and an influx of enslaved Africans permitted settlers to spread throughout the tidewater.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

38. Map: European Settlements and Indians, 1754
Indian tribes
1750

41. Beaver as Worker and Prey, from Chatelain's Carte Tres Curieuse de la Mer du Sud, Atlas Historique, vol. VI
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Beaver as Worker and Prey, from Chatelain's Carte Tres Curieuse de la Mer du Sud, Atlas Historique, vol. VI
This French engraving illustrates beavers' environmental impact and Indian methods of hunting them for commercial purposes. (National Archives of Canada)

43. Drills Identify characteristics of Spanish Colonies
Identify characteristics of English Colonies
Identify characteristics of French Colonies

44. COMPARE/CONTRAST SPAIN FRENCH(Dutch) ENGLAND Govt. supports colony
Gold & God
Plantations
Conquer
(Conquistadors/
Mestizos)
Nominal Govt. support
Trade
Outposts/Forts
Native Alliances
Collaborative
Private Corporations
Settlements
Colonies
Punitive Conflict
No mixing/
separation.destruction