1. The Splendor of Europe: Art Markets in Antwerp, Amsterdam and London Sophia Wang Middlebury College Student Symposium Spring 2010

2. Then and Now: What Constitutes an Art Market? Work of art + Seller + Buyer Middle Ages – Artist (craftsperson) + Patron (church) Development and expansion of art market Antwerp –> Amsterdam –> London In this precise order (!)

3. Antwerp: A Cultural and Economic Interface from the 14 th Century Modern urban diamond, rich and layered past Boom in the 14 th century Luxury goods market flourished Imagine: a sixteenth-century Manhattan

4. Seeds of Market Sown Rising demand met by increasing numbers of artists Increasing mass production Concentration of labor Decrease in prices Increase in demand

5. Pand: the first open market Specialized markets Held in warehouses, commercial exchanges or courtyards Our Lady’s Pand: art pand built by church (pictured below)

6. 1640s: Decline of Antwerp Seminal Treaty of Münster (pictured above) The Scheldt closed; everyone takes off and goes Make way for Amsterdam

7. Amsterdam: Cultural and Economic Interface of the 17 th Century The Dutch Golden Age: Intellectual and Financial Prosperity A Republic in Monarchical Times Artists, Dealers, Public Top left: Rijksmuseum, housing a large collection of Dutch Golden Age art. Bottom left: Keizersgracht canal.

8. Rembrandt: Artistic Genius, Financial Failure? On the right: self-portrait (1661), oil on canvas. On the left: The Night Watch (1642), oil on canvas.

9. Background as a Miller’s Son Fortune’s Fool: A Poor Manager of Finances The Dutch Art Market: Shark- infested Waters Collecting Mania Pictured above: Aristotle Contemplating a Bust of Homer, (1653), oil on canvas.

10. London: The Late Bloomer On the right: Portrait of Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel (1629-30), by Peter Paul Rubens. On the left: Charles I, King of England, from Three Angles (1646), oil on canvas, by Anthony van Dyck. Despite the astonishing richness of the collections assembled at the court of Charles I and the homes of certain courtiers, London art markets were relatively backwater before the 18 th century.

11. Royal and Fabulously Rich Patrons: Taste for the Antique Charles I of England (1600-49): patron of the arts Thomas Howard, 2 nd Earl of Arundel (1585-1646): collector of marbles and antiquities Death of the King: Death of Art?

12. Growth and Development of the London Art Market Dutch Migration Legal Restrictions Loosened The Auction: a “fashionable” sales mechanism Goods Bartered Budding Auction Houses

13. What Is an Art Market? Art cannot be defined … Can an art market be defined? What does it encompass?