1. Borrelia burgdorferi
By: Matt Hryniewicki

2. Classification Domain: Bacteria Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Spirochaetes
Order: Spirochaetales
Family: Spirochaetaceae
Genus: Borrelia
Species: B. burgdorferi

3. Structure Helical Shape Contains inner and outer cell membrane
Flexible cell wall
The cell’s flagella are located inside the periplasm between the inner and outer cell membranes (endoflagella)
Allows cell to travel through highly viscous fluids and materials
Highly invasive
Outer surface proteins
Can turn into a cyst if in unfavorable conditions
Converts back to spirochete under favorable conditions

5. Metabolism Relies on host for energy precursors
Limited metabolic capabilities
Contains many transport proteins that are used to obtain compounds from host serum or environment
Uses carbohydrates as source of energy in mammals
Uses N-acetylglucosamine as a major source of energy in ticks.
Produces ATP solely by using substrate-level phophorylation

6. Nutrition Can be cultivated in vitro Microaerophile or anaerobic
Growth medium contains over 13 ingredients in a rabbit serum base
Optimal temperature is 32 degrees Celsius
Microaerophile or anaerobic

7. Gram Stain
Negative gram stain

8. History First recorded in 1883 by Alfred Buchwald
Discovered in 1982 by Dr. Willy Burgdorfer
Several cases popped up in the towns of Lyme and Old Lyme in 1975

9. Disease Causing Causes Lyme Disease Carried by ticks
Ticks pick up the bacteria from infected mice and deer
Produces a “bulls-eye” rash
Treated with antibiotics if predicted within 72 hours
Ibuprofen used to relieve joint stiffness
Most prevalent tick-borne illness in the U.S.

11. Works Cited
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"Viewing the Arrangement of Borrelia Burgdorferi Flagella by Electron Cryotomography." Spirochetes Unwound. Web. 03 Feb < arrangement-of-borrelia.html>.
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