1. Allison Leigh, Maryann Zmuda, and Max Davenport
Nervous System
Allison Leigh, Maryann Zmuda, and Max Davenport

2. What is the Nervous System?
A system made up of nerve cells and fibers, where your brain sends signals to specific parts of the body, and receives information about what is happening in the body.
Controls all involuntary movement.
Heart pumping
Breathing
Digestion of food
Controls all voluntary (by choice) movement.
Running
Talking
Grabbing an object

3. Organs of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Brain
Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Nerves
Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System

4. CNS- Brain
Cerebrum
Cerebrum: controls all voluntary muscles; analytical thinking (left); abstract thinking (right). Cerebellum: balance, movement, and coordination. Brain stem: controls involuntary muscles; in charge of functions needed to stay alive; connects brain to spinal cord; sorts messages between brain and body. Pituitary Gland: all hormones produced/released through this gland (puberty, growth, etc); helps keep metabolism going. Hypothalamus: controls body temperature (98.6 degrees).
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Pituitary Gland
Brain Stem

6. CNS- Spinal Cord
Long bundle of nerves protected by spinal column and vertebraes.
Lets messages travel between the brain and the body.
Nerves assembled into tracts
Ascending Tracts: carries sensory info from body to brain
Touch, skin temp, pain, etc.
Sensory Neurons
Descending Tracts: carry info downwards from brain to body
Movement
Motor Neurons
Spinal nerves carry to and from different levels of spinal cord
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar & Sacral

7. PNS- Nerves
Cranial Nerves
12 pairs from bottom of brain
Smell, vision, hearing, balance (3)
Motor functions (5)
Assist with movement (4)
Head, neck, and facial area
Spinal Nerves
31 pairs from side of spinal cord
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal (tailbone)
Nerves branch out from brain and spinal cord. PNS connections with organs and structures of the body are made through cranial and spinal nerves.

8. PNS- Somatic & Autonomic
Regulates heart, stomach, and intestines
Involuntary
Sympathetic
“Fight or Flight”
Uses energy (blood pressure, heart beat, etc.)
Thoratic & Lumbar
Parasympathetic
“Rest and Digest”
Saves energy (blood pressure, heart beat, etc.)
Sacral
Enteric
Controls normal digestive activity
Body reacting to nervousness, etc.
Somatic
Sends sensory info to Central
Nervous System
Sends messages to motor nerve fibers (muscles moving body)
Voluntary

9. ParaSympathetic vs. sympathetic
- “rest and digest”
- saves energy
- STIMULATES= motivate; fuel
Sympathetic:
- “fight or flight”
- uses energy
- INHIBIT= prevent; constrain

10. Diseases Multiple Sclerosis
Degenerative disease that affects myelin sheath and conduction pathways between brain and spinal cord.
Causes of MS:
Abnormal response of body’s immune system to myelin
Environmental factors such as viral infection
Inflammation
Symptoms of MS:
Damage to neurons
Muscle symptoms
Eye symptoms
Etc.
Myelin = the fatty sheath that surrounds and insulates the nerve fibers

11. Diseases
Alzheimer's
The loss of brain functions that allows the subject’s brain to deteriorate over time.
Causes:
Dementia
Genetic lineage
Previous head trauma
Early life experiences
Dietary habits (high cholesterol, etc.)
Progressive & irreversible
Symptoms:
Memory loss
Atrophy of brain
Language
Emotional behavior

12. Fun Health Facts
If all the neurons in a person’s body were lined up, it would stretch 600 miles long.
There are 100 billion neurons in human brain.
Eating seafood at least once a week lowers your chance of dementia by at least 30%.
The brain is the fattest organ in human body; contains 60% fat.
Right side of brain controls left side of body & left side of brain controls right side of body.
You can’t tickle yourself.

13. Sources cited =