1. Theory & Research Traditions Meeting 2

2. Dependency Theory Ideological role of media is part of economic relations (Marxist view) In relationship of dependency, role of culture is economic and ideological Hegemonic - elite group sets ideology for rest of the world.

3. Cultural Imperialism Theory Economic power in the service of cultural domination and vice versa Based on social /behavioral effects of media and advertising Critique of capitalism and culture of consumerism

4. Media Imperialism Theory Similar to electronic colonialism where electronically delivered foreign norms disrupt domestic cultures Focus on unbalanced media import and export relationships between nations Ownership of core country media corporations in peripheral countries

5. World Systems Theory Provides ideas for structuring international communication Global economic expansion takes place from small group of core-zone nation-states to semi and peripheral zone nation-states

6. National Composition Core Nations Semi-Peripheral Peripheral US, Canada, Israel, Australia, NZ, Japan, and European Union Some SA, some central Eur., India, Egypt, China, Russia, South Korea Africa, Latin America, parts of Asia, former Soviet Union

7. Systems Theory Tenants Mass media are vehicles of indoctrination for semi and peripheral nations Multinational media conglomerates of core nations influence and promote their own cultural products Consumer spending is required in all zones Advertising supports commercial media

8. Systems Theory Tenants Implies that prosperity will accrue to subordinates zones and they become more capitalistic Core media require foreign customers to purchase core products Core communication products displace indigenous cultural products with foreign values

9. Pro and Con for ST Labor benefits in subordinate zones from film production and media sold in shops Inequality in news flow between core and periphery nations exists EC theory has different applications for each zone

10. Normative Theories Guiding principles operate system

11. Authoritarian & Soviet Authoritarian Dictatorial Closes limits to media freedom Soviet Political ideology of communism Value of a just and equal society Cultural media information provided

12. Libertarian & Social Responsibility Libertarian Free market-based, free media Ruled by capitalist money Social Responsibility Media operating within capitalist dynamic committed to serving public needs Watchdog for government and business malpractice

13. Development Model Media that addresses issues of poverty, health care, literacy and education in 3rd world settings Media responsible for informing the public HIV campaign example Fosters sense of nationhood in countries with disparate groups

14. Participatory Model Locally organized media involving staff and producers in editorial decisions Media involves local audiences in editorial decisions Public participation and democratic process central to operation

15. Mainstream Media Relationships 1.Political power - lacks media credibility 2.Economic crisis - blame on scapegoat 3.Dramatic social transitions - media system neither permanent nor normal 4.Small-scale alternative media - fliers, poems, posters, videos

16. Global Village Heightened international connectivity creates new type of global economic vulnerability Because of improved communication technology, people of world are interconnected on daily basis Communication media shape society

17. Discussion Questions What makes Western media more plausible and attractive than Soviet propaganda? How well do media explore economic realities on a global level? How prevalent is citizen influence over media in the US? Can citizens fight corporate control of internet costs?