1. Slides 1 to 74
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

2. Chapter 2
Atoms and Bonds

3. Matter: Atoms and Molecules
Smallest unit of an element
Subatomic particles
Protons: (+) charge
Neutrons: neutral
Electrons: (-) charge
Figure 2-1

4. Matter: Atoms and Molecules
Structure of an atom
Nucleus
Protons
Neutrons
Electron Shell
Figure 2-2(b)

5. Matter: Atoms and Molecules
Atoms and Electron Shells
Figure 2-3

6. Matter: Atoms and Molecules
Atomic number
Equals number of protons
Atomic mass
Equals protons + neutrons
Isotopes of element
Reflects number of neutrons
Atomic weight
Averages isotope abundance
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

7. Matter: Atoms and Molecules
All matter is composed of atoms in various combinations. Their interactions establish the foundations of anatomy and physiology at the cellular level.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

8. Matter: Atoms and Molecules
Chemical Bonds and Compounds
Atoms bond in chemical reactions
Reactions transfer electrons
Electrons are gained, lost, or shared
Molecules or compounds result
Compounds contain several elements
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

9. Matter: Atoms and Molecules
Ionic Bonds
Atoms gain or lose electrons
Charged atoms are ions
Ions bear (+) or (-) charge
Cations have (+) charge
Anions have (-) charge
Cations and anions attract
Ions form bonds
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

10. Matter: Atoms and Molecules
Ionic Bonding
Figure 2-4(a)

11. Matter: Atoms and Molecules
Sodium chloride crystal
Figure 2-4(b)

12. Matter: Atoms and Molecules
Table 2-2

13. Matter: Atoms and Molecules
Covalent bonds
Some atoms share electrons
Shared electrons complete outer shell
Sharing atoms bond covalently
Single covalent bond
One shared electron
Double covalent bond
Two shared electrons
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

14. Matter: Atoms and Molecules
Covalent Bonds
Figure 2-5

15. Matter: Atoms and Molecules
Nonpolar and Polar Covalent Bonds
Equal electron sharing
Nonpolar covalent bonds
Example: carbon-carbon bonds
Non-equal electron sharing
Polar covalent bonds
Example: oxygen-hydrogen bonds
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

16. Matter: Atoms and Molecules
Hydrogen bonds
Weak attractive force
Between 2 neighboring atoms
A polar-bonded hydrogen
A polar-bonded oxygen or nitrogen
For example, between water molecules
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

17. Matter: Atoms and Molecules
Hydrogen Bonds
Figure 2-6

18. Inorganic Compounds Water and its properties
Most important body chemical
Excellent solvent
High heat capacity
Essential chemical reactant
Surface Tension
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings