1. AGENDA 1.Review SOAPSTone 2.The Rhetorical Basics: - Take notes in your notebook. 3.Practice with the Rhetorical Appeals - Small group work.

2. CONTEXT The setting or specific set of circumstances in which a speech or text is created.The setting or specific set of circumstances in which a speech or text is created. In the SOAPSTone strategy, this is called the OCCASION.In the SOAPSTone strategy, this is called the OCCASION. A question to ask when considering CONTEXT is “Why MUST the writer create this piece?”A question to ask when considering CONTEXT is “Why MUST the writer create this piece?”

3. PURPOSE The writer’s objective for creating the piece.The writer’s objective for creating the piece. A question to ask when considering PURPOSE is “What does the writer want to ACCOMPLISH?”A question to ask when considering PURPOSE is “What does the writer want to ACCOMPLISH?”

4. THE RHETORICAL TRIANGLE The relationship between the three elements of the triangle help to deepen our understanding of the text.The relationship between the three elements of the triangle help to deepen our understanding of the text. SPEAKER AUDIENCE SUBJECT

5. SPEAKER What impression do you want to make? How will you convince readers to believe you? (credibility) What do you have in common with the audience in order to create a bond with them?

6. AUDIENCE How much do they already know about your subject?How much do they already know about your subject? What do they expect to see in this document? (format, diction, style)What do they expect to see in this document? (format, diction, style) What prejudices or pre- conceptions might they have about your subject?What prejudices or pre- conceptions might they have about your subject? What are their interests?What are their interests? What do they need to know?What do they need to know?

7. SUBJECT What is your topic? What is the best organization or format to present this topic? How comfortable are you or your audience with this topic? What is prompting you to tackle this subject?

8. Advertisement Exercise Take a look at the following advertisements. In your notebook for this class, identify the following regarding this ad: -The Subject (or product) -The Speaker -The Audience -The Tone (what kind of “attitude” does the advertisement have?)

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16. Rhetorical Appeals We have already utilized SOAPStone to identify some of the characteristics of effective argumentation. As writers, we will use SOAPStone to maximize how we deliver our messages. We must also begin to address how to best target our audience, establish context, and represent ourselves in order to fit our purpose and subject. To achieve this “best,” we use Rhetorical Appeals.

17. Record in your notebook: Rhetorical Appeals: Tools that help the writer make his or her argument more appealing to the audience. Ethos / Pathos / Logos

18. Ethos = “ethical appeal” How does the speaker present him or herself? As an effective writer, you can control how your audience perceives you. Speakers often use allusions, quotes, and references to build their own ethos.

19. Ethos Example Politicians. In politics, it’s all about perception. Consider how politicians use their appearance, dress, speaking characteristics, and mannerisms to affect how we perceive them.

20. Pathos = “emotional appeal” How well does the speaker appeal to the audience’s emotions? The emotions need to match the subject, purpose, and context. As writers, we need to consider how to manipulate our reader’s emotions. Emotional appeals can be effective or overwhelming - consider Hallmark commercials.

21. Pathos Example Wedding speeches and eulogies. When giving these types of speeches, the speaker is almost always aware of the audience’s expectations. For wedding speeches and toasts, the audience typically expects to be entertained and reminded of love. In a eulogy, the audience members are already emotional, and they expect the speaker to match their serious and sad state.

22. Logos = “logical appeal” How well does the speaker use his or her own text to make an effective argument? Is the argument rational and well- constructed? How well does the speaker support his or her thesis? Speakers will often use facts, statistics, and references to create logos.

23. Logos Example Legal documents. Most effective laws and legal decisions rely heavily on logos. For example, within the United States’ judicial system, the punishment is supposed to fit the crime. Faulty logic may lead to unequal punishments, which is typically not tolerated.

24. HOMEWORK (from yesterday) You must obtain (and bring to class!) a print advertisement. It may be from a magazine, newspaper, or internet source.You must obtain (and bring to class!) a print advertisement. It may be from a magazine, newspaper, or internet source. We are going to be looking at multiple ads next week, so please bring in ads that strike you in some way.We are going to be looking at multiple ads next week, so please bring in ads that strike you in some way.

25. Community Appeal Letter We learned about CONTEXT, PURPOSE, and the rhetorical triangle using the SOAPSTone reading strategy.

26. HOMEWORK the owner of a neighborhood mini-mart a successful preacher a reformed gang member Consider the following scenario: You are a local community activist who needs to raise money to fund a program that will help stem violence in your community. You have three contacts: the owner of a neighborhood mini-mart who lives with his two teenage sons in your neighborhood, a successful preacher in your community whose sermons are syndicated across the country, and a reformed gang member whose memoir of his life of crime and transformation in prison has become a New York Times bestseller.

27. HOMEWORK Because of time constraints, you are limited to making a plea to only one person. Write down responses to the following: 1. To whom you plan to appeal for help? 2. Why did you choose this person?