1. Class5: Computer Hardware Information Systems for Management

2. Outline Information Systems for Management Electronic Data (bit, byte, larger sizes) Central Processing Unit (CPU) Main Memory (Primary Storage) Secondary Storage Computer Speed Input & Output Devices Moore's Law

3. Information Systems for Management Electronic Data Bit – electrical charge exists (meaning 1) or it does not (0) Byte: String of bits (usually 8), representing one character (letter, number) 1 Kilo Byte (KB) = 1000 Bytes 1 Mega Byte (MB) = 1,000,000 Bytes 1 Giga Byte (GB) = 1,000,000,000 Bytes 1 Terra Byte = 10 12 Bytes 3

4. Information Systems for Management Central Processing Unit 4 CPU or processor is the key part of computer Also important as support to CPU Internal communications

5. Information Systems for Management The CPU and Memory Central Processing UnitCentral Processing Unit (Processor): Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Control unit Computer clock* Main Memory (Storage), 2 parts: ROM (permanent) – programmed by manufacturer RAM (changeable) – memory used for your programs and operating system; PCs today – RAM size in Giga Bytes 5

6. Information Systems for Management Computer Speed A CPU placed on a single miniature chip; basis of PC (personal computer) Speed and performance factors Speed of Computer Clock Number of bits the computer can process at one time (Word length) Number of bits that can be moved at one time between the CPU, primary storage & other devices (Data Bus width) 6

7. Information Systems for Management Computer Speed - Examples NameManufacturerWord Length (bits) Clock Speed (electrical cycles per second) Data Bus Width (bits) CeleronIntel32500-2600 MHz64 Pentium IIIIntel32500-1400 MHz64 Pentium IVIntel323.2 GHz*64 Itanium IIIntel641.5 GHz128 OpteronAMD642.6 Ghz128 MHz = millions of Hertz (measure of speed) GHz = billions of Hertz Speed increase 7

8. Information Systems for Management Secondary Storage (Memory) Long-term, non-changeable Magnetic: Hard disk Flash drive other (floppy disk, tape) Optical: CD-ROM (readable or readable and writeable - CD-R/CD-RW) DVD (same as CD-ROM, takes more data) Secondary storage tech. keep developing and getting cheaper 8

9. Information Systems for Management Input Devices Keyboard Mouse Touch screen Readers/Scanners (Bar code reader; Magnetic Ink Recognition) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Receiver* Voice recognition 9

10. Information Systems for Management Output Devices Monitor Printer Non impact (laser, inkjet; photo printer) Impact (dot matrix) Plotter Voice output (voice synthesizer) Plotter 10

11. Information Systems for Management Moore’s “Law” * Moore’s Law: In intervals of 2 years, the capacity of computer memory, processing speed, the density of components double.** Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel, mote this regularity in mid- 1960s. Moore’s “Law” still valid. Important for hardware purchasing. 11