1. Grundfos FLOW THINKING Air conditioning the Grundfos Way

2. Grundfos FLOW THINKING Q 100%25% H 0 20 40 60 80 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 Flow in % Effect in % 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Obtainable energy saving 1. Constant pressure 2. Constant diff. pressure 3. Proportional diff. pressure (calculated) 4. Proportional diff. pressure (measured) 5. Temperature control

3. Grundfos FLOW THINKING Optimized operation cost often means LOWER ENERGY COST An effective way of checking the profitability of the pump system is to use Life Cycle Cost analysis. This will show not only the ”energy cost” but all costs related to the pump system. Optimized operation cost The result of the analysis can also show the pay-back time of a speed con- trolled solution compared to a traditional constant speed pump. Result of Life Cycle Cost analysis

4. Grundfos FLOW THINKING Controls For Variable Speed Application VARIOUS OPTIONS e.g. Pumps with built-in Frequency Converter & PLC… Pumps with External Frequency Converter & External PLC…

5. Grundfos FLOW THINKING Chillers Primary Pumps Secondary Pumps Load Balancing Valve2 – Way Valve Panel with PLC & VFD`s Air - Separator Common Primary - Secondary Circuit With Variable Speed Secondary Pumps

6. Grundfos FLOW THINKING Why Do We Need Variable Speed Secondary and Tertiary Pumps ??? For Energy Saving…. For better & smooth operation….

7. Grundfos FLOW THINKING How Do We Achieve This Reduction In Power Consumption ?? By Using Variable Frequency Drive and Logic controller with the Secondary Pumps….

8. Grundfos FLOW THINKING Basic Law which helps in achieving this – Affinity law 1. Flow 2 = Flow 1 (Speed 2 / Speed 1 ) 2. Head 2 = Head 1 (Speed 2 / Speed 1 ) 2 3. BKW 2 = BKW 1 (Speed 2 / Speed 1 ) 3 If Diameter of Impeller is to be trimmed then instead of speed the same can be used in above formulas.

9. Grundfos FLOW THINKING PFU PMU 4 – 20 mA Set Value From Field Sensor (DPT) PFU – Pump Functional Unit PMU – Pump Management Unit Basic Concept Output To VFD/Pump

10. Grundfos FLOW THINKING Opening/Closing of 2- Way Valve -Signal from the sensor, installed at load regulates the valve opening & closing. -This way differential across 2-way valve also changes & accordingly output signal is given to PLC. Temperature Sensor Load Output to PFU from DPT

11. Grundfos FLOW THINKING Chillers Balancing Valve Load Primary Pumps Common Secondary Pumps Panel with PLC & VFD`s DPT An Example

12. Grundfos FLOW THINKING APPROVAL FROM INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES Approval from – CE, U/L Conforms to - Electromagnetic compatibility (89/336/EEC) to standard EN 50 081 – 1 and EN 50 082 – 2 and Electrical equipment design 73/23/EEC standard to EN 60 204-1.

13. Grundfos FLOW THINKING Tertiary Pumping In Air-conditioning Systems

14. Grundfos FLOW THINKING Air conditioning systems Improved balancing by Tertiary pumps

15. Grundfos FLOW THINKING  p secondary pump  p: control valve Air unit Air unit Air unit Fan coils Fan coils Buffer tank MMMM Distance/pressure profile  p secondary pump  p: pipes, control valves fan coils etc. Air unit Air unit Air unit Fan coils Fan coils Distance/pressure profile System with only secondary pumps System with tertiary pumps Buffer tank Q H Q max. Max.  p Q H Q max. Max.  p  p: connection point M Tertiary pumps

16. Grundfos FLOW THINKING  p secondary pump  p: control valve Air unit Air unit Air unit Fan coils Fan coils Buffer tank MMMM Distance/pressure profile Hybrid System Q H Q max. Max.  p  p: connection point M Tertiary pumps

17. Grundfos FLOW THINKING Tertiary Systems….Few points  Tertiary pumps can be Variable speed…….  Tertiary pumps can be fixed speed also….  Mixing loops are not mandatory in tertiary loops…  But mixing loops add flexibility in the overall air- conditioning system…  Tertiary pumps PLC should be controlled by DPT signal (if variable speed panel is used)…

18. Grundfos FLOW THINKING Tertiary Systems….Few points  For Secondary pumps only friction loss upto zone termination point should be taken care…  For Tertiary pumps friction loss of valves, coil etc should be taken care….

19. Grundfos FLOW THINKING Advantages with Tertiary pumps 1.Smaller secondary pumps, motor and drives 2.Lower differential pressure in all connection points 3.Lower operation cost 4.Higher flexibility if the system have to be redesigned 5.Each to find the right location for the  p sensor 6.Minimized risk of “over sizing” secondary pumps

20. Grundfos FLOW THINKING Mixing Loops In Air-conditioning Systems

21. Grundfos FLOW THINKING Why mixing loops Where can mixing loops be used Different types of mixing loops Design Function Energy saving by using mixing loops Mixing loops

22. Grundfos FLOW THINKING pp pp pp pp pp Pressure profile In large systems the diffential pressure will decrease/increase dependingupon the distance from the pump, and not reflect the actual need. The source of unbalance in a system Why mixing loops – Increase of hydraulic balance in large/Tertiary/district heating or cooling systems

23. Grundfos FLOW THINKING Will adapt to use of the building:  Holidays  Load of the floor Systems with zone division Floor divided Facade divided Will adapt to weather conditions:  Sun  Wind Why mixing loops – Increase of the control of different part of a building

24. Grundfos FLOW THINKING In particulary District/large cooling systems a correct differetial temperature reduces the operation cost. t5oCt5oC t5oCt5oC t5oCt5oC t5oCt5oC t5oCt5oC t5oCt5oC = m 3 /h kW x 0,86 tt High differential temperature means lower flow. Formula for calculating the flow in a cooling system Why mixing loops – Correct differential temperature at the chiller return

25. Grundfos FLOW THINKING Sun radiation Electrical equipment Other rooms Light People Wind External parameter which have influence on the cooling/heat demand Internal parameter which have influence on the cooling/heat demand Why mixing loops – parameters which influence in the indoor temperature

26. Grundfos FLOW THINKING Heating systems Where can mixing loops be used Heating systems Radiator systems Air handling units Floor heating District Heating/Cooling Building connection Cooling systems Fan coils Air handling units Cooling ceilings All circulating systems where there is a demand for improving the balance and controlling the temperatures For Primary-Secondary as well as Secondary-Tertiary

27. Grundfos FLOW THINKING System 1System 2System 3System 4System 5 Hydraulic separation Temperature control Investment Operation cost LOW HIGH NO MIDIUM YES MIDIUM NO YES HIGH YES HIGH YES HIGH Secondary side Tertiary side tOtO Load tftf M tOtO tftf M tOtO tftf M tOtO M tftf tOtO M Mixing loops overview tr

28. Grundfos FLOW THINKING Secondary sideTertiary side M TfTf Shut-off valve Control valve to Thermometer Out-door temperature sensor Loop controller Flow temperature sensor Non-return valve StrainerShut-off valve Circulator pump Design TrTr Return temperature sensor

29. Grundfos FLOW THINKING By adding more or less chilled water to the tertiary side the Loop Controller is adjusting the flow temperature based on outdoor, zone supply and return temperature. Loop controller tto M Function of the Loop controller trtr tftf

30. Grundfos FLOW THINKING 6005004003002000100 kW 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 m 3 /h Heat demand 6005004003002000100 kW 100 80 60 40 20 0 -20 oCoC Heat demand Flow temperature primary site Flow temperature secondary site Return temperature Outdoor temperature Flow primary site Flow secondary site Flow by-pass Even the temperature on the secondary site is controlled,there will is a large variation in the flow. Temperature evaluation Flow variation 10083 675033017 % % Evaluation of temperature and flow.

31. Grundfos FLOW THINKING The pump in the mixing loop has to overcome the pressure drop in the secondary site. Due to there is no flow variation a constant speed pump will be the right choice. Secondary sitePrimary site The main pumps in the primary site has to overcome the pressure drop in the control valves, heat produc-tion and the distribution net. Due to a significant flow variation a speed controlled pump will be the right choice. A standby pump will supply safety to the system. Heat production Main pumps Distribution net M t Heating system M t Heating system Pumps for mixing loops single pipe systems.

32. Grundfos FLOW THINKING Conclusion: 1. Full hydraulic balance in the system: It will also be possible to change the cooling/heating system in one of the buildings without disturbing the balance in in the other buildings. 2. Reduced power consumption: Experiences shown a reduction of chiller power consumption when mixing loops are installed. 3. Reduced pump energy consumption: Can be reduced to up to 30-40% Energy consumption in system with mixing loops pumps.

33. Grundfos FLOW THINKING Conclusion: 4. Better zone control: Mixing loop will help in achieving better individual zone control. 5. Smaller Secondary pumps: In case of Primary-secondary-tertiary systems smaller secondary pumps are used 6. Suitable for any application: Can be used for Primary-secondary-Tertiary, Primary-Tertiary as well as Primary- secondary Energy consumption in system with mixing loops pumps.

34. Grundfos FLOW THINKING THANK YOU