1. Tactics Science or Art?

2. “Neglected Sciences” Fog Friction Initiative Tempo Center of Gravity Critical Vulnerability Risk Terrain Analysis Intelligence Estimate Essential Elements of Information Assumptions Other Intelligence Requirements SMEAC Key Terrain Avenues of Approach KOCOA SALUTE Critical Requirements Critical Capabilities Crisis Decisionmaking Competing Interests Management by Default Silence is Consent Decision Points Trip Wires Management By Exception Mission Tasking Commander’s Intent Planning Guidance Expressed Consent C2C2 C3C3 C4C4 C4IC4I Commanding Terrain Envelopment Pincer Hammer and Anvil Deliberate Plan Contingency Plan Hasty Plan IntelRep IntelSum Event Horizon Defilade Enfilade Maneuver Mass Economy of Force Objective Offense Nine Principles of War Mobility Flexibility Boyd’s Cycle OODA Loop Orientation Implied Tasks Specified Tasks Density OBE Info Fusion IPB Main Effort Focus of Effort General Support Direct Support ROE MOOSEMUSS Constraints Restraints Satisficing Crisis Conflict Heuristics Implied Objective Command & Control EMON SOP End State SWOT Concept of Operation Course of Action Alert Order Execute Order Warning Order Frag Order Strategy Tactics Tactical Dilemma Deceptive Diversion Physiological Diversion Combined Arms Situation Awareness 2/3 Rule Tightly Coupled Loosely Coupled Precedent Decisionmaking Incremental Decisionmaking Groupthink Abilene Paradox Intelligence Paradox Devil’s Advocate Asymmetric Strategy Deconfliction 9

3. The most formidable warriors are students of their profession! General Al Gray 29 th Commandant of the Marine Corps Untutored courage is useless in the face of educated bullets Lt. General George S. Patton United States Army X = ? 2 X = 4 8

4. We justify our tactics with smoke, mirrors, myths and magic We justify our tactics with smoke, mirrors, myths and magic ♦ The average law enforcement tactician would be hard put to quote a single source, theory or doctrine to justify their decisions In the medical field, most law enforcement tacticians would be the functional equivalent of witch doctors In the medical field, most law enforcement tacticians would be the functional equivalent of witch doctors There is tactical science that will support sound planning and decision making There is tactical science that will support sound planning and decision making Shaman, Wizards Myths & Magic 7

5. What if the Next Time... 6

6. Accountants study math, doctors and nurses study medicine, weather forecasters study meteorology Tactical science dates back to at least 500 B.C. Besides books, many military manuals and “lessons learned” are free on the Internet Tactical Science 6

7. Forces a command staff to: ♦ Implicitly trust subordinates (who may not be any more enlightened!) ♦ Make decisions without being aware of supporting doctrine (indigestion or stomach cancer?) Civil liability coupled with an inadequate defense (when no one is an expert, anyone can be!) Potential tactical fiascoes in Biblical proportions! (Ruby Ridge, Waco, M.O.V.E, and others less well-known) Consequences of Ignorance 4

8. Problem TrainingExperienceEducation The “wisdom of the ages” is expressed as doctrine, concepts, theories, precepts, tenets, adages, dictums, heuristics, axioms, principles, laws, and proverbs Knowledge allows us to start, not at the beginning, but where the experts left off!~ Carl Lewin There is Nothing More Practical Than a Good Theory Solution 3

9. Training Provides skills Instills confidence Improves methods Fosters expertise & proficiency Teaches how to do things better This is a Science Course! Education Provides knowledge Explains importance Improves understanding Fosters ingenuity & adaptability Teaches whether we’re doing the right things 2

10. A Whitman’s Sampler of Tactical Science 1

11. Questions?