1. Humans & the Environment
Ch.22

2. (22-1) Interconnected Planet
Earth’s layers
Atmosphere: gases
Ozone layer
Climate
Greenhouse effect
Hydrosphere: water
Geosphere: rock
Biosphere: part of Earth where life exists

3. Biodiversity Variety of life forms in an area Species diversity
Richness: # of species in an area
Evenness: # of indiv.’s of each species in an area
Genetic diversity: amt. of variation in the genetic material of all members of a pop.

4. (22-2) Environmental Issues
Air Pollution
Smog: water vapor mixed w/ human-made chemicals
CFC’s & ozone thinning
Global warming
Acid precipitation: air pollutants combined w/ water
Land & Water Pollution
Biological magnification: chemicals become more concentrated in organisms higher on the food chain

5. Ecosystem Disruption Extinction: death of every member of a species
Endangered
Ecosystem Imbalances
Keystone species: affects many other species in a community
Ex: sea otter

6. Human Resource Use
Primary production: total E stored through photosynthesis by terrestrial organisms
Ecological footprint: human impact on ecosystems
Sustainability: ability to meet human needs so the pop. can survive indefinitely

7. (22-3) Environmental Solutions
Conservation Biology: i.d., protect, & manage natural areas w/ large biodiversity
Biodiversity hotspots
Bioindicator: species sensitive to ecological change
Restoration Biology: plan ways to reverse changes & replace missing ecosystem components

8. Laws & Efforts
Debt-for-nature swap: richer countries/org. pay debts if developing country takes preventative steps
Ecotourism: supports cons. of ecologically unique areas while bringing economic benefit to locals
Urban ecology: study of biodiversity in areas densely populated by humans