1. Chapter 4
Socialization

2. What is socialization? Process of learning to participate in a group.
Examples of this would include:
Walking Patterns/ Freshman functioning in high school/ Speech patterns
* Most important learning occurs early in life.

3. Briefly describe Harlow’s experiment.
He took new born Rhesus monkeys and separated then from their mothers. They were then observed on their choice between 2 robot monkeys, one with soft covering and the other without covering but having food. The stimulus used was a loud siren and lights to scare the monkeys.

4. How do Harlow’s findings related to humans?
Human babies have emotional needs such as affection, intimacy, and warmth. If they do not get these things they have difficulty forming emotional ties with others.

5. What things can be learned from the story of Anna?
Ignoring the emotional needs of a child will seriously retard their ability to learn & function within society. This can also cause great physical damage as well.

6. What things are hypothesized from Isabelle?
Even though she was not educated, her ability to learn was not hindered because she was stimulated emotionally.
What things are hypothesized from Isabelle?
* Intensive and prolonged social contact with others is key to being healthy

7. Define the following: Self Concept Looking Glass Self
Significant others
Role taking
Imitation Stage
Play Stage
Game Stage
Generalized other Me I

8. Describe how the following perspective explains socialization.
Functional  Schools and family socialize children by teaching the same basic norms, values and beliefs
Conflict  Socialization perpetuates status quo, exception of social class is done early before the ability to challenge is formed.
Symbolic Interactionism uses self-concept/ looking glass self/ significant other/ role taking/ and generalized other

9. What are the 3 stages of the looking glass self process?
Imagine how we appear to others
Imagine the reaction of others to our appearance
Evaluate ourselves according to how we imagine others have judged us
*Not a conscience process/ Stages happen rapidly/ results can be positive and negative self evaluation
An example would be getting ready for
date.

10. Who are the most common significant others?
Your Parents
Later in life your peers

11. Give an example for each of the following stages.
Imitation
Play
Game

12. What happens after the game stage?
Behavior is eventually based on principle instead of a significant other.
This means that you will start to think for yourself instead of doing what everyone else is doing.
You can finally truthfully answer the question, “If everyone was jumping off the bridge, would you jump to?”, with a NO!!

13. Compare the “ME” & “I” Me I Predictable/ Created by socialization
Directs 1st reaction to socially acceptable channels
Can be overridden by I
Spontaneous/Unlearned or Instinctual
Acts in rage or excitement
1st reaction
Can be directed by me
Can over ride me

14. Define the following words.
Hidden Curriculum
Peer Group
Mass Media

15. What things does a child learn from their family?
Think & Speak
Internalize norms, beliefs, & value
Form basic attitudes
Develop capacity for intimate & personal relationships
Acquire self image
*Impact reaches far beyond its direct effect, families social class shapes what we think of ourselves & how we are treated by others.

16. What things are learned through school besides academics?
Discipline/Order/Co- operation/Conformity
Idea of time & schedule
Rules & Regulations
Rewards of praise/ Acceptance for proper behavior
Young people must depend on each other for their social life

17. Briefly summarize the importance of peer groups.
Different relationships: School/Family vs. Peer Group
Experience conflict, competition, and cooperation
Self direction  new ways of thinking, feeling, behaving, & engaging in self-expression

18. Briefly summarize the importance of peer groups.
Independence from adults due to clashing norms of peer group
Development of self- sufficiency
Close ties with non-family and opposite sex
Dealing with large numbers of different people
* Peer groups have a growing effect on social development.

19. What roles do mass media play in socialization?
Pros
Cons
Displays role model for children to imitate
Offer Children ideas about values in their society
Provide images of :
Achievement & Success
Activity & Work
Equality & Democracy
Display violence and violent behavior
Depicts ideas of discrimination & sexism
Effects are hidden, subtle, and long term

20. Define the following words
Total Institution
Desocialization
Resocialization
Anticipatory Socialization
Reference Group

21. Summarize Desocialization & explain how it is done.
Destruction of old self- concepts of personal identity
Desocialization is done by:
Replacing personal items with standard issue
Using serial numbers to identify, instead of names
Loss of privacy

22. What are the 2 main instruments used in resocialization?
Rewards (Extras)
Punishments (Restrictions)

23. Who would fall into Anticipatory Socialization?
Pre-teens/ Teenagers/ and College Freshman
This is a transition between something.
Usually done on a voluntary basis.

24. Who is the reference group supposed to represent?
The person you want to become.
Insert picture of your “Hero” here.