1. Open Book to page 123 Answer the following questions:
Bellringer
Open Book to page 123
Answer the following questions:
Write a paragraph that describes YOUR habitat. Describe how you obtain food, water, and shelter from your habitat. How does your habitat meet your needs in ways that other habitats do not.
TURN YOUR ARTICLE IN TO THE STICKER BOX

2. Environmental Science Chapter 4: Population Ecology
TURN YOUR ARTICLE IN TO THE STICKER BOX

3. Chapter 4: Population Ecology
SIGN IN
This week’s Goals and Objectives:
Describe the different levels of organizations studied by ecologists.
Explain the difference between biotic and abiotic factors. Give examples.
Discuss how an organisms habitat relates to its survival.
Discuss the usefulness of tracking population size.
Describe the three ways populations can be distributed.
Explain what age structure diagrams tell you about a population.
Describe the factors that influence a population’s growth rate.
Explain exponential growth and logistic growth.
Explain how limiting factors and biotic potential affect population growth.

4. Chapter 9: Surface Water
Answer and Turn in today!
Describe how surface water can move eroded materials.
Explain how a stream carries its load.
Describe how a floodplain develops.
Describe the physical features of stream development
Describe the relationship between meanders and stream flow
Explain the process of rejuvenation in the development of a stream.
Explain the formation of lakes and wetlands
Describe the process of eutrophication
Recognize the effects of human activity on lake development.

5. SIGN IN TURN IT IN TODAY Page : 103 questions: 1,2,3
Get an environmental
science book (FROG on it)
Do the following questions…DO NOT WRITE the question, only the answers
Page : 103 questions: 1,2,3
Page : 109 questions: 1,3,4
Page : 117 questions: 1,2,3
Page : 122 questions: 17-21, 26
TURN IT IN TODAY

6. SIGN IN Page : 231 questions: 1-4 Page : 237 questions: 1-3
Get an EARTH SCIENCE book: Chapter 9
Do the following questions…DO NOT WRITE the question, only the answers
Page : 231 questions: 1-4
Page : 237 questions: 1-3
Page : 241 questions: 1-3
Page : 245 questions: 1-7
Page : 247 questions: 30-35
TURN IT IN TODAY

7. What is ecology?
The study of how organisms interact with each other and with their environments
WRITE

8. Defining an ecosystem
Ecosystem: all the organisms living in an area together
Forest Ecosystem
Pond Ecosystem
Vacant Lot Ecosystem
Desert Ecosystem
WRITE

9. All Ecosystems are connected
How does your ecosystem impact the Atlantic Ocean?
DO NOT WRITE

10. Parts of an ecosystem
In order for an ecosystem to survive there must be certain basic parts
Energy
Mineral nutrients
Carbon dioxide
Water
Oxygen and more
WRITE

11. WRITE

12. Biotic vs. Abiotic Biotic: living parts of the ecosystem
Plants, animals, bacteria, etc.
Abiotic: nonliving parts of the ecosystem
Sunlight, soil, air, temperature
WRITE

13. Organizing Biotic Parts
largest
Organizing Biotic Parts
WRITE
smallest

14. Smallest Unit
Organism: an individual living thing like you, a tree, a fox, a rose
Species are groups of organisms
WRITE

15. Species Species: groups of organisms that resemble each other in:
appearance
Behavior
Chemistry
genetic makeup
able to reproduce VIABLE offspring
3.6 to 100 million species (1.4 identified)
WRITE

16. Population
Population: all the members of the same species that live in the same place at the same time
WRITE

17. Community
Community: a group of various species that live in the same place and interact with each other.
WRITE

18. Ecosystem: all the organisms living in an area together
WRITE

19. Biosphere
All parts of the Earth where life is found
WRITE

20. Habitat
Habitats provide an organism with resources—anything an organism needs to survive and reproduce, including food, shelter, and mates.
WRITE

21. Review: What is a population?
Population: all the members of the same species that live in the same place at the same time
Field mice living in a corn field, grizzly bears of Yellowstone Park area
Wolves in Yellowstone NP

22. Population Size Why care about the size of the population?
How can scientists estimate the population (say of Elephant Seals on a beach in CA)?
WRITE

23. Population Size
The number of individuals in a population at a given time
Sudden and dramatic decreases in population size can indicate an unhealthy population headed toward extinction.
Ecologists often use sampling techniques to estimate population size.
WRITE

24. Estimating Population
How can you estimate the population of trees in this valley?
WHY NOT COUNT THEM ALL?
WHY IS SAMPLING NEEDED?

25. Population Density Measure of how crowded a population is
WRITE
Measure of how crowded a population is
Larger organisms generally have lower population densities.
Low population density: More space, resources; finding mates can be difficult
High population density: Finding mates is easier; tends to be more competition; more infectious disease; more vulnerability to predators

26. Population Distribution
WRITE
How organisms are arranged within an area:
UNIFORM
RANDMOM
CLUMPED
Occurs where resources needed are found throughout, wildflowers in meadow
Occurs when individuals hold territory or compete for space. Plants in desert
Most Common. Occurs where resources are together. Water hole in desert, humans in cities

27. Population Distribution
Uniform distribution: Organisms evenly spaced
Random distribution: Organisms arranged in no particular pattern
Clumped distribution: Organisms grouped near resources; most common distribution in nature
WRITE

28. Sex Ratios Proportion of males to females
WRITE
Sex Ratios
Proportion of males to females
Age structure diagrams give information about sex ratios.
For a monogamous species, the ideal sex ratio is 50:50.
Why is 50/50 not as important in non-monogamous populations?

29. Survivorship Page 111 in Frog Book
WRITE
Survivorship
Page 111 in Frog Book
Individuals of different ages have different probabilities of dying
Survivorship curves show how the likelihood of death varies with age.

30. WRITE
Type I survivorship curves are for species that have a high survival rate of the young, live out most of their expected life span and die in old age. Humans are a good example of a species with a Type I survivorship curve
Type II survivorship curves are for species that have a relatively constant death rate throughout their life span. Death could be due to hunting or diseases. Examples of species exhibiting a Type II survivorship curve are coral, squirrels, honey bees and many reptiles.

31. Type III survivorship curves are found in species that have many young, most of which die very early in their life. Plants, oysters and sea urchins are examples of species that have Type III survivorship curves.
WRITE

32. Patterns of Growth EXPONETIAL GROWTH
WRITE
EXPONETIAL GROWTH
Population increases by a fixed percentage every year.
Normally occurs only when small populations are introduced to an area with ideal environmental conditions
Rarely lasts long
WHAT SHAPE DOES EXPONENTIAL GROWTH LOOK LIKE?
Starts slowly, then takes off – “J-Shaped Curve”

33. WRITE

34. Limiting Factors
WRITE
Limiting Factor Principle: too much or too little of any abiotic factor can limit or prevent growth of a population, even if all other factors are near or above optimum.

35. Carrying Capacity
Limiting Factors lead to Carrying Capacity: the largest population an environment can sustain.
WRITE

36. Biotic Potential
An organism’s maximum ability to produce offspring in ideal conditions
Many factors influence biotic potential, including gestation time and generation time.
Organisms with high biotic potential can recover more quickly from population declines than organisms with low biotic potential.
WRITE

37. Open Book to page 122 Answer questions 17-23 25-26
Class work
Open Book to page 122
Answer questions
17-23
25-26